Ergül Belge KURUTAŞ, Tülay ALTUN, Aysel ŞAHAN

Oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and gill tissues of spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894) living in the river Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey

Araştırma, Ceyhan Nehri’nin tarımsal, sanayi, mezbaha ve evsel atıklarının deşarj olduğu bölge (Büyükmangıt köyü) ile aynı nehir üzerinde kurulu olan Aslantaş Barajı kret altı bölgesi’nde (Osmaniye) yapılmıştır. Çalışmada kirlilik indikatörü su parametre değerleri gözlenmiş ve bunların benekli sirazda karaciğer ve solungaç dokudaki çeşitli oksidatif stres biyomarkerları üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Superoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT) ve glikoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PD)’ı içeren oksidatif stres biyomarkerları analiz edilmiştir. Glutatyon (GSH) ve lipid peroksidasyon (LPO) seviyeleri de ayrıca değerlendirilmiştir. Kirli olarak tayin edilen deşarj bölgesinden toplanan balıkların karaciğer dokularında CAT, G6PD, GST ve GSH aktivitesi yüksek seviyelerde bulunmuştur. SOD ve LPO miktarları da (solungaç ve karaciğer için P < 0,05) deşarj bölgesinde oldukça yüksek seviyelerde gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, sucul ekosistem kirliliğinin biyolojik gözleminde, oxidative stress biyomarkerlarına rasyonel bir kullanım sağlayacaktır.

Ceyhan nehri (Adana-Türkiye)’nde yaşayan benekli siraz (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894)’larda solungaç ve karaciğer dokudaki oksidatif stresin biyolojik göstergeleri

This study was carried out in an agricultural, industrial, domestic, and slaughterhouse area that is also a discharging region of the river Ceyhan just under the crest of the Aslantaş dam. Levels of pollution indicator parameters of the water were observed and their effects on various oxidative stress biomarkers in gill and liver tissues of spotted barb (Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894) were investigated. The oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were also evaluated. High levels of CAT, G6PD, GST, and GSH activity were found in the liver tissues of fish collected from the river Ceyhan discharging region; it was determined that the region was polluted. Substantially high levels of SOD and LPO (P < 0.05 in gill and liver) were observed. The findings of the present investigation will provide a rational use for oxidative stress biomarkers in aquatic ecosystem pollution biomonitoring.

PDF

___

1. Pandey S, Parvez S, Sayeed I et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress: a comparative study of river Yamuna fish Wallago attu. Sci Total Environ 20: 105-115, 2003.
2. Livingstone DR. Contaminant-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage in aquatic organisms. Mar Pollut Bull 42: 656-666, 2001.
3. Tejeda-Vera R, López-López E, Sedeño-Díaz JE. Biomarkers and bioindicators of the health condition of Ameca splendens and Goodea atripinnis (Pisces: Goodeaidae) in the Ameca River, Mexico. Environ Int 33: 521-531, 2007.
4. Yılmazer D, Yaman S. Heavy metal pollution and chemical profile of Ceyhan river (Adana-Turkey). Tr J Engineer Environ Sci 23: 59-61, 1999.
5. APHA (American Public Health Association). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste-water. In: Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD., eds. 20th ed., Washington; 1998.
6. WHO (World Health Organization). Water quality assessments: a guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. 2nd ed., Geneva; 1996.
7. Yanar, M., Genç, ER. Effects of Quinaldine Sulphate together with the use of Diazepam on Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758 (Cichlidae) at different temperatures. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28: 1001-1005, 2004.
8. Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters. In: Bagenal TB, Age and Growth, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford; 1978.
9. Sloof W, Van Kreijl CF, Baars AJ. Relative liver weights and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of fish from polluted surface waters in the Netherlands. Aquat Toxicol 4: 1, 1983.
10. Gul S, Belge-Kurutas E, Yıldız E, et al. Pollution correlated modifications of liver antioxidant systems and histopathology of fish (Cyprinidae) living in Seyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Environ Int 30: 605-609, 2004.
11. Beutler E. Red Cell Metabolism. A manual of biochemical methods. 2nd ed., Grune and Stratton Inc., New York; 1984.
12. Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutases. Adv Enzymol 41:35-97, 1974.
13. Mannervik B, Guthenberg C. Glutathione-S-transferase (human placenta). Meth Enzymol 77: 231-235, 1981.
14. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Tagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351-358, 1979.
15. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL et al. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265- 275, 1951.
16. Winston GW, Di Giulio RT. Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms. Aquat Toxicol 19: 137-161, 1991.
17. Dimitrova MST, Tsinova V, Velcheva V. Combined effect of zinc and lead on the hepatic superoxide dismutase-catalase system in Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp Biochem Physiol Part C 108: 43- 46, 1994.
18. Rodríguezariza A, Peinado J, Pueyo C et al. Biochemical indicators of oxidative stress in fish from polluted littoral areas. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50: 2568-2573, 1993.
19. Das PC, Ayyappan S, Das BK et al. Nitrite toxicity in Indian major carps: sublethal effect on selected enzymes in fingerlings of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 138: 3-10, 2004.
20. Lijima K, Grant J, McElroy K et al. Novel mechanism of nitrosative stress from dietary nitrate with relevance to gastrooesophageal junction cancers. Carcinogenesis 24: 1951-1960, 2003.
21. Kono Y, Fridovich I. Superoxide radicals inhibits catalase. J Biol Chem 257: 1789-1794, 1982.
22. Ahmad I, Hamid T, Fatima M et al. Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater fish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1523: 37-48, 2000.
23. Stephensen E, Svavarsson J, Sturve J et al. Biochemical indicators of pollution exposure in shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) caught in four harbours on the southwest coast of Iceland. Aquat Toxicol 48: 431-442, 2000.
24. Regoli F, Winston GF, Gorbi S et al. Integrating enzymatic responses to organic chemical exposure with total oxyradical absorbing capacity and DNA damage in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Environ Toxicol Chem 22: 2120-2129, 2003.
25. Di Giulio RT, Habig C, Gallagher EP. Effects of black river harbour sediments on indices of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and DNA integrity in channel catfish. Aquat Toxicol 26: 1-22, 1993.
26. Van der Oost R, Beber J, Vermeulen NPE. Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. Environ Toxico Pharmac 13: 57-149, 2003.
27. Muriel P. Peroxidation of lipids and liver damage. In: Baskin SI, Salem H., eds. Oxidants, Antioxidants and free radicals. Taylor & Francis, Washington, USA; 1997.
28. Gutteridge JMC. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 41: 1819-1828, 1995.
29. Williams GM, Iatropoulos MJ. Alteration of liver cell function and proliferation: differentiation between adaptation and toxicity. Toxicol Pathol 30: 41-53, 2002.