Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to the bacterium Serratia marcescens in the Hemipteran pest Eurygaster integriceps

Nodülasyon reaksiyonu bakteri, fungus ve virüs infeksiyonlarına karşı böcekleri koruyan ilk hücresel reaksiyondur. Yapılan bu çalışmada yeni nesil süne erginlerine şırınga ile eicosanoid biyosentezini engelleyen kimyasal maddeler enjekte edildikten sonra aynı erginlere bakteri, Serratia marcescens, şırınga ile infekte edilmesi bu böceklerde nodül oluşumunu önemli derecede azaltmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra yine eikosanoit biyosentezi oluşması aşamasındaki enzimleri (fosfolipaz $A_2,$ siklooksijenaz, ve lipoksijenaz) engelleyen kimyasal maddeler (deksamethazon, indomethasin, naproksen, ibuprofen, piroksikam, eskuletin ve Fenidon) erginlere enjekte edildiğinde, bakteri infeksiyonuna karşı oluşan nodülasyon bu böceklerde önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Eikosanoit biyosentezini engelleyen kimyasal maddelerden ibuprofen’nin eikosanoit biyosentezini engelleme etkisinin 30 dakika içerisinde gerçekleştiği ve nodulasyon sayısının, kontroldeki böceklere göre önemli ölçüde azaldığı ve bu etkinin yaklaşık 4 saat devam ettiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca İbuprofen ile doza bağlı yapılan denemelerde artan ibuprofen dozuna karşı ergin böceklerde azalan nodül sayısı tesbit edilmiştir. Deksamethazon’un nodül oluşumu üzerine engelleyici etkisi eikosanoid substratı olan doymamış yağ asidi arakidonik asit uygulanması ile ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Bu bulgular Hemiptera takımında yer alan sünede de bakteriyal infeksiyonlara karşı oluşturulan hücresel bağışıklardan nodül oluşumu reaksiyonunda, eikosanoitlerin önemli bir yer aldığı hipotezini doğrulamıştır.

Süne, Eurygaster integriceps erginlerinin Serratia marcescens bakteriyal infeksiyonuna karşı oluşturduğu nodül oluşum reaksiyonunda eikosanoitlerin önemi

In insects, nodulation is the first step in cellular defense reactions to bacterial, fungal, and some viral infections. The hypothesis was posed that the hemipteran pest E. integriceps produces melantoic nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge and that eicosanoids mediate these reactions. Treating the adult of E. integriceps with Serratia marcescens induced nodulation reactions in a challenge dose-dependent manner. Injecting the adult E. integriceps with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, immediately before intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium Serratia marcescens, sharply reduced the nodulation response to bacterial challenges. Separate treatments with specific inhibitors including dexamethasone (a phospholipase $A_2,$ inhibitor), indomethacin, naproxen, ibuprofen, piroxicam (cyclooxygenase inhibitors), esculetin (a lipoxygenase inhibitor), and phenidone (dual cyclooxgenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor) also impaired the ability of E. integriceps to form nodules in reaction to bacterial challenge. The inhibitory influence of ibuprofen was apparent within 30 min after infection, and nodulation was significantly reduced, relative to control insects, over the following 4 h. Increasing ibuprofen dosages were associated with decreasing nodulation activity. The dexamethasone effects were reversed by treating bacteria-injected insects with the eicosanoid-precursor polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid. These findings support the hypothesis that eicosanoids also act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in the hemipteran pest E. integriceps.

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