Nihal KUTLU, Rabiye TERZİ, Çiğdem TEKELİ, Gülcan ŞENEL, Peyami BATTAL, Asım KADIOĞLU

Changes in Anatomical Structure and Levels of Endogenous Phytohormones during Leaf Rolling in Ctenanthe setosa under Drought Stress

Leaf rolling occurs as a response to water deficit and its level increases as the drought period is progressing in plants. Changes in anatomical structure and levels of endogenous phytohormones were investigated under drought stress during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa. Leaf water potential (Yleaf), some anatomical parameters, and the levels of phytohormones were determined at different visual levels of leaf rolling from 1 to 4. Yleaf, thickness of mesophyll and lamina, and width/length ratio of hypodermis cells of leaves decreased while leaf rolling level increased. Diameters of xylem vessels and median vein, and length of upper and lower stomatal guard cells also decreased during leaf rolling. The amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased up to the 3rd level of leaf rolling but it declined to the value of the 1st level at the 4th level of rolling. The gibberellic acid (GA3) level changed irregularly during leaf rolling. Trans-zeatin and abscisic acid (ABA) amounts also increased during the rolling period. The analysis showed that changes in the levels of these phytohormones may affect the anatomical structure of the leaf during the rolling period under drought stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anatomical structure, Ctenanthe setosa, drought, leaf rolling, phytohormones

Changes in Anatomical Structure and Levels of Endogenous Phytohormones during Leaf Rolling in Ctenanthe setosa under Drought Stress

Keywords:

Anatomical structure, Ctenanthe setosa, drought, leaf rolling, phytohormones,

PDF

___

Wanowska IG, Szczuka E, Bednara J et al. Anatomical features and ultrastructure of Deschampsica antarctica (Poaceae) leaves from different growing habitats. Ann Bot 96: 1109-1119, 2005.
Redmann RE. Adaptation of grasses to water stress-leaf rolling and stomata distribution. Ann Missouri Bot Garden 72: 833-842, 1985.
Kadıoğlu A, Terzi R. A dehydration avoidance mechanism: Leaf rolling. Bot Rev 73: 290-302, 2007.
O’Toole JC, Moya TB. Genotypic variation in maintenance of leaf water potential in rice. Crop Sci 18: 873-876, 1978.
Kuraishi S, Tasaki K, Sakurai N et al. Changes in levels of cytokinins in etiolated squash seedlings after illumination. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 585-591, 1991.
Battal P, Aslan A, Turker M et al. The effect of air pollutant sulfur dioxide on phytohormone levels in some lichens. Fresinus Environ Bull 13: 436-440, 2004.
Fujioka S, Sakurai A, Yamaguchi I et al. Flowering and endogenous levels of plant hormones in Lemna species. Plant Cell Physiol 27: 1297-1307, 1986.
Cakmak I, Marschner H, Bangert F. Effect of zinc nutritional status on growth, protein metabolism and levels of indole-3-acetic acid and other phytohormones in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Exp Bot 40: 405-412, 1989.
Wang Q, Little CHA, Sheng CO et al. Effect of exogenous gibberellin A4/7 on tracheid production, longitudinal growth and the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins A4, A7 and A9 in terminal shoot of Pinus sylvestris seedlings. Physiol Plant 86: 202-208, 2002.
Unyayar S, Topcuoglu SF, Unyayar A. A modified method for extraction and identification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin produced by phaneroochaete chrysosporium ME446. Bull J Plant Physiol 22: 105-110, 1996.
Lawlor DW. Integration of biochemical processes in the physiology of water-stressed plants. In: Marelle R, Clijsters H, Van Poucke M eds. Effects of Stress on Photosynthesis. W Junk Publishers. London; 1983. pp. 35-44.
O’Toole C, Cruz RT, Singh TN. Leaf rolling and transpiration. Plant Sci Lett 16: 111-114, 1979.
Todd GW, Richardson PE, Sensgupta SP. Leaf and stem anomalies in a drought susceptible species Impatiens balsamina under conditions of drought stress. Bot Gaz 135: 121-126, 1974.
Esau K. Anatomy of Seed Plants, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1977.
Sam O, Jerez E, DellAmico J et al. Water stress induced changes in anatomy of tomato leaf epidermes. Biol Plant 43: 275-277, 2000.
Croker JL, Witte WT, Auge RM. Stomatal sensitivity of six temperate, deciduous tree species to non-hydraulic root-to-shoot signaling of partial soil drying. J Exp Bot 49: 761-774, 1998.
Cutler JM, Rains DW, Loomis RS. Importance of cell size in water relations of plants. Physiol Plant 40: 255-260, 1977.
Bradford KJ, Sharkey TD, Farquhar GD. Gas exchange, stomatal behaviour, and d13C values of the flacca tomato mutant in relation to abscisic acid. Plant Physiol 72: 245-250, 1983.
Ristic Z, Cass DD. Leaf anatomy of Zea mays L. in response to water shortage and high temperature: A comparison of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive lines. Bot Gaz 152: 173-185, 1991.
Church DL. Tracheary element differentiation in Zinnia mesophyll cell cultures. Plant Growth Regul 12: 179-188, 1993.
Savidge RA. Xylogenesis, genetic and environmental regulation - a review. IAWA Journal 17: 269-310, 1996.
Little CHA, Savidge RA. The role of plant growth regulators in forest tree cambial growth. Plant Growth Regul 6: 137-169, 1987.
Doley D, Leyton L. Effects of growth regulating substances and water potential on the development of secondary xylem in Fraxinus. New Phytol 67: 579-594, 1968.
Stikic R, Davies WJ. Stomatal reactions of two different maize lines to osmotically induced drought stress. Biol Plant 43: 399-405, 2000.
LaRosa PC, Handa AK, Hasegawa PM et al. Abscisic acid accelerates adaptation of cultured tobacco cells to salt. Plant Physiol 79: 138- 142, 1985.
Hubick KT, Taylor JS, Reid DM. The effect of drought on levels of abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins and ethylene in aeroponically- grown sunflower plants. Plant Growth Regul 4: 139-151, 1986.
Bensen RJ, Beall FD, Mullet JE et al. Detection of endogenous gibberellins and their relationship to hypocotyl elongation in soybean seedlings. Plant Physiol 94: 77-84, 1990.