Bioremediation of endosulfan-contaminated soil by using bioaugmentation treatment of fungal inoculant Aspergillus niger

The persistence of endosulfan and intermediate metabolite endosulfan sulfate in the environment and their toxic effects on biota necessitate their removal. This study investigated the bioaugmentation of endosulfan-contaminated soil by fungal inoculant Aspergillus niger ARIFCC 1053. The influence of bioaugmentation by A. niger on endosulfan-contaminated soil was evaluated with the help of change in pH and released chloride, and by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography analysis. Its effects on soil functionality were monitored by estimating dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase enzyme activities. The endosulfan degradation reached an undetectable level on day 15. The pH of the medium was nearly neutral (6.9) at the time of inoculation and it decreased to 3.6 on day 15. The amount of chloride released at particular intervals in the endosulfan degradation ranged from 28 mg mL-1 to 104 mg mL-1. Change in pH and the increase in released chloride correlated with metabolic activities involved in the simultaneous degradation of endosulfan. Endosulfan sulfate, an intermediate metabolite, was detected and had disappeared on day 11 of the process. The increase in enzyme activities is an indicator of soil fertility and suggests possible involvement of these enzymes in endosulfan degradation. These results demonstrate that bioaugmentation by A. niger may be a viable tool for the remediation of soil contaminated with endosulfan.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Endosulfan, bioaugmentation, bioremediation

Bioremediation of endosulfan-contaminated soil by using bioaugmentation treatment of fungal inoculant Aspergillus niger

Keywords:

Key words: Endosulfan, bioaugmentation, bioremediation,

PDF

___

Qureshi A, Mohan M, Kanade GSet al.In situ bioremediation of organochlorine-pesticide-contaminated microcosm soil and evaluation by gene probe. Pest Mange Sci 65: 7, 798-804, 2009. 2. Gupta PK. Pesticide exposure-Indian scene. Toxicol 198: 83- 90, 2004.
Singh SK, Pandey RS. Eff ect of sub-chronic endosulfan exposures on plasma gonadotropins, testosterone, testicular testosterone and enzymes of androgen biosynthesis in rat. Indian J Exp Biol 28: 953-956, 1990.
Chaudhuri, K, Selvaraj S, Pal AK. Studies on genotoxicity of endosulfan in bacterial systems. Mutat Res 439: 63-67, 1999.
Paul V, Balasubramaniam E. Eff ects of single and repeated administration of endosulfan on behavior and its interaction with centrally acting drugs in experimental animals: a mini review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 3: 151-157, 1997.
Kullman SW, Matsumura F. Metabolic pathways utilized by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for degradation of the cyclodiene pesticide endosulfan. Appl Environ Microbiol 62: 593-600, 1996.
Sutherland TD, Horne I, Harcourt RJ et al. Isolation and characterization of a Mycobacterium strain that metabolises the insecticide endosulfan. J Appl Microbiol 93: 380-389, 2002.
Bhalerao TS, Puranik PR. Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan, by a fungal soil isolate Aspergillus niger. Int Biodeter Biodegr 59: 315-332, 2007.
Jing NH, Huyop F. Enzymatic dehalogenation of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid by locally isolated Methylobacterium sp. HJ1. J Biol Sci 8: 233-235, 2008.
Awasthi N, Singh AK, Jain RK et al. Degradation and detoxifi cation of endosulfan isomers by a defi ned co-culture of two Bacillus strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62: 279-283, 2003.
Alef K. Estimation of microbial activities: dehydrogenase activity. In: Alef K, Nannipieri P. eds. Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. Academic Press; 1995: pp. 228-231.
Kalyani SS, Sharma J, Dureja P et al. Infl uence of endosulfan on microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activities of a tropical alfi sol. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 84: 351-356, 2010.
Siddique T, Benedict C, Okeke AM et al. Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan-degrading microorganisms. J Environ Quality 32: 47-54, 2003.
Hussain S, Arshad M, Saleem M et al. Screening of soil fungi for in vitro degradation of endosulfan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23: 939-945, 2007.
Miles JRW, Moy P. Degradation of endosulfan and its metabolites by a mixed culture of soil microorganisms. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 23: 13-19, 1979.
Verma K, Agrawal N, Farooq M et al. Endosulfan degradation by a Rhodococcus strain isolated from earthworm gut. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 64: 377-381, 2006.
Sethunathan N, Megharaj M, Chen ZL et al. Algal degradation of a known endocrine disrupting insecticide, α-endosulfan, and its metabolite, endosulfan sulfate, in liquid medium and soil. J Agric Food Chem 52: 3030-3035, 2004.
Awasthi N, Manickam N, Kumar A, Biodegradation of endosulfan by a bacterial coculture. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 59: 928-934, 1997.
Trevors JT. Dehydrogenase activity in soil: a comparison between the INT and TTC assay. Soil Biol Biochem 16: 673- 674, 1984.
Wu WX, Y QF, Min H. Eff ect of straws from Bt-transgenic rice on selected biological activities in water-fl ooded soil. Eur J Soil Biol 40: 15-22, 2004.