Turizm İşletmelerinde Hizmet Hataları ve Hizmet Telafisi Yöntemlerinin Müşteri Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Uygulama

Hizmet sektörünün yapısı gereği hizmet hataları ile sıklıkla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu hataların kaynağı bazen işletmenin kendisi, bazen personel, bazen diğer müşteriler ve hatta müşterinin kendisi olabilmektedir. İşletmeler, kaynağı ne olursa olsun hizmet hatalarının sorumlusunu bulmak, telafi etmek ve tekrarlanmaması için önlemler almak durumundadır. Özellikle faaliyetleri tüm yıl boyunca aralıksız devam etmekte olan turizm işletmeleri için tüketicilerdeki hizmet kalitesi algısının arttırılması müşteri memnuniyetinin sağlanması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, yarattığı katma değer büyüklüğü ile tüm hizmet sektörleri içerisinde ön plana çıkan turizm işletmelerinde tüketicilerin karşılaştıkları hizmet hatalarının oranı, sıklığı, türü, kaynağı, tüketicilerin gösterdikleri tepki, işletmelerin uyguladıkları hizmet telafisi yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin etkinliği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda hizmet telafisi uygulaması sonrasında müşteri memnuniyetinde ve algısında meydana gelen değişimler ve hizmet hatalarının tüketici tercihleri üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla internet ortamında 394 tüketiciye anket uygulanmış, hiç hizmet hatası ile karşılaşmamış olan 7 katılımcıya ait anketler elenerek toplamda 387 anket sınamaya alınmıştır ve çalışan hataları ile işletme yönetiminin yaptığı hataların müşteri memnuniyetsizliği yaratmada daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu hatalar neticesinde oluşan müşteri memnuniyetsizliğinin giderilmesinde hatayı telafi etme çabalarının (odaya yemek gönderme, indirim yapma, ücretsiz akşam yemeği, armağanlar sunma, hizmetin ücrete tabi olanaklarından ücretsiz faydalanma gibi çabalar) özür dileme, açıklama yapma, sorun giderme gibi çabalardan daha etkili olduğu da görülmüştür.

The Effect of Service Failures and Service Recovery Methods on Customer Satisfaction in Tourism Enterprises: An Application

Due to the nature of the service sector, service failures are frequently encountered. The source of these failures can sometimes be the company itself, sometimes the staff, sometimes other customers and even the customer itself. Businesses have to find, compensate and take measures to prevent the recurrence of service failures regardless of their source. Increasing the perception of service quality in consumers is very important in terms of ensuring customer satisfaction especially for tourism enterprises whose activities continue continuously throughout the year. In this study, the rate, frequency, type and source of service failures encountered by consumers in tourism enterprises that stands out among all service sectors with the added value it has created; consumer reactions; service recovery methods applied by enterprises and effectiveness of these methods were tried to determine. At the same time, the changes in customer satisfaction and perception after the service recovery application and the effect of service failures on consumer preferences were tried to be revealed. For this purpose, 394 consumers were surveyed on the internet and the surveys of 7 participants who had never encountered service errors were eliminated and a total of 387 questionnaire data were analyzed and it was seen that employee failures and mistakes made by the company management are more effective in creating customer dissatisfaction. In addition, it was observed that the efforts to compensate for the customer dissatisfaction resulting from these failures (such as sending food to the room, making discounts, giving free dinner, offering gifts, making use of the service's charge-free facilities) were more effective than apologizing, explaining and troubleshooting

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