Turizm Araştırmalarında Sosyal Değişim Teorisi’nin Çeyrek Yüzyılı

Sosyal davranış hakkındaki bilgileri özetleyen ve düzenleyen teoriler ve bu teorilerin sağladığı kavramsal çerçeveler, turizm çalışmaları için bilimsel meşruluk göstergesidir. Turizm araştırmalarında teorik farkındalığın önemine odaklanan bu çalışmada, Sosyal Değişim Teorisi üzerinden, teorilerin değişen ve dönüşen olgular olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada turizm alanında yaygın biçimde kullanılan, desteklenen ve aynı zamanda da eleştirilen Sosyal Değişim Teorisi’nin turizm araştırmalarında son çeyrek yüzyıldaki seyrinin nasıl olduğunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla turizm alanında öncü olan Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism Management ve Journal of Travel Research dergilerindeki toplam 137 makale bibliyometrik analiz ve içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Sosyal Değişim Teorisi’ni kullanan turizm araştırmalarının son beş yılda çok belirgin biçimde arttığı, ilk turizm çalışmalarında bu teorinin tek başına teorik alt yapıyı oluşturduğu ancak zaman içinde bilimsel açıklamada eksik ya da zayıf kalan yönlerini tamamlamak üzere başka teorilerle desteklendiği görülmüştür.

Quarter Century of Social Exchange Theory in Tourism Researches

Theories summarize and regulate the knowledge about social behavior and conceptual frameworks thus, theories are indicative of scientific legitimacy for tourism studies. The current study focuses on the importance of theoretical awareness in tourism research. In this regard it is emphasized by means of the Social Exchange Theory that theories are phenomena which could change and transform in time. Therefore, in the current study, it is aimed to reveal the course of the Social Exchange Theory, which is widely used, supported and also criticized in context of tourism in the last quarter century. To that end, 137 articles which were published in Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism Management and Journal of Travel Research, were examined through bibliometric analysis and content analysis. According to the findings, the usage of Social Exchange Theory has increased significantly in the last five years. Meanwhile, the current theory constituted the theoretical base solitarily in the earlier tourism studies. However, it was supported by other theories so as to complete the missing or weak aspects in scientific explanation by the time of progress.

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