Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinde Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinde Oluşan Kuraklığın Bazı Fizyolojik Karakterlere Etkisi

Ekmeklik buğdayda kuraklık verim ve kaliteyi doğrudan etkileyen önemli bir abiyotik stres faktörüdür. Araştırmada bazı ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin farklı kuraklık seviyelerinde verim ve bazı fizyolojik karakterler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 2008-2009 ve 2009-2010 yıllarında yürütülen ve 15 genotipin materyal olarak kullanıldığı deneme 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Denemede ana parsellerde kuraklık uygulamaları, alt parsellerde genotipler yer almıştır. Araştırmada; tane verimi ile üç farklı gelişme döneminde bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı ve bayrak yaprakta klorofil miktarı ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca başaklanma ve olgunlaşma gün sayıları, tane dolum süresi ve mumsuluk oranları ile bu karakterler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada genotipler ve uygulamalar arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. En düşük bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı Kate A-1 de görülürken en yüksek sıcaklık Golia çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. En düşük sıcaklık değerleri gebeleşme (17.21 oC ), başaklanma (19.96 oC ) ve tane dolum dönemlerinde (20.11 oC ) kuraklık uygulanmayan parsellerde ölçülmüştür. En yüksek sıcaklıklar ise başaklanma ve tane dolum dönemlerinde tam kuraklık uygulamalarında belirlenmiştir. Kanopi sıcaklığının tane verimini olumsuz yönde etkilemiş olup kanopi sıcaklığı ile tane verimi arasında korelasyon katsayıları başaklanma öncesi r= -0.779, başaklanma dönemi r= -0.793 ve tane dolum dönemi r= -0.924* olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi klorofil miktarını üç bitki gelişme döneminde de düşürmüş olup en yüksek klorofil miktarı kuraklık stresi uygulanmayan parselde belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerde başaklanma döneminde en yüksek klorofil miktarı ÖVD2/27-07 ve tane dolum döneminde EBVD24-07 hatlarında ölçülmüştür. Tane verimi ile bayrak yaprak klorofil içeriği arasında ilişki başaklanma öncesi r= 0.499, başaklanma dönemi r= 0.498 ve tane dolum dönemi r=0.954* olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucu kanopi sıcaklığı ve klorofil kapsamının farklı kuraklık stresi altında verim için seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekmeklik buğday, kuraklık stresi, genotip, klorofil, kanopi sıcaklığı.

Effect of Drought Stress Condition on Different Plant Growth Stages on Some Physiological Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticun aestivum L.) Genotypes

Drought is the mainly abiotic stress factor in wheat affecting yield and quality. In this research it was investigated yield and some physiological traits under various drought stress condition and the relationships between physiological characters in some bread wheat genotypes. This research was carried out in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 cycle during 2 growing seasons with totally 15 bread wheat genotypes in split block design with 3 replicated. Drought applications were main plot and genotypes were sub-plot. In this research, yield and some physiological traits such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll content were investigated at various three plant growth stages. Also, days of heading and maturating, grain filling period, glaucousity and among these traits were investigated. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes and treatments. The lowest canopy temperature was measured from Kate A-1 and the highest temperature from Golia. Canopy temperature negatively affected grain yield and correlation coefficient between yield and canopy temperature was at booting (r= -0.779), heading stage (r= -0.793) and grain filling stage (r=-0.924*) under non-stress conditions. Highest canopy temperature was determined at heading and grain filling stage under fully drought treatment. Drought stress negatively affected and reduced leaf chlorophyll content at three development stages. The highest leaf chlorophyll content was determined under non-stress treatment. The highest chlorophyll content was measured in ÖVD2/27-07 at heading stage and in EBVD24-07 at grain filling stage. Determined correlation coefficient between grain yield and chlorophyll content were at booting r= 0.499, heading stage r= 0.498, and grain filling stage r=0.954*. The results of the study showed that canopy temperature and chlorophyll content could be used as selection physiological parameters for yield under various drought stress conditions.

Keywords:

Bread wheat, drought stress, genotype, canopy temperature, chlorophyll.,

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