Doğal Konukçusu “Yeşil Olgunlaşmamış Elma” Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosales: Rosaceae) Üzerinde Elma İçkurdu, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)’nın Biyolojisi ve Laboratuvarda Yetiştirilmesi

Elma içkurdu, Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Türkiye’de elma ağaçlarında ekonomik olarak önemli zararlılarından biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı C. pomonella için yeşil olgunlaşmamış elma (Malus domestica cv. 'Gala') üzerinde yetiştirme metodunun ve temel biyolojik özelliklerinin rapor edilmesidir. Deneyler laboratuvar koşullarında 2017’den 2019 yılına kadar yürütülmüştür. Yumurtalar, ergin kafesleri içerisindeki ovipozisyon substratı üzerine doğduran veya dağınık küçük kümeler halinde bırakılmıştır. Ergin besini dişi başına yumurta bırakılan yumurta sayısı ve canlılığı üzerinde olumlu etki göstermiştir. Larvalar baş kapsül ölçümlerine göre beş dönem yoluyla geliştiler. Larva dönemi yaklaşık 15.89±0.25 günde tamamlanmıştır. Larva döneminde canlı kalma oranı, elma başına larva yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak %24.1 ve %92.6 arasında değişmiştir. Pupa gelişme süresi, %87.5 ergin çıkış oranı ile ortalama 8.90±0.10 gün sürmüştür. Yaşam döngüsü yaklaşık 29.5±0.3 günde tamamlanmıştır. Ergin ömür uzunluğu, dişilerde 12.2±0.60 gün, erkeklerde 16.7±1.90 gündür. Çiftleşmeden sonra tek bir dişi, yaşamı boyunca yaklaşık 12.3 yumurta/gün ile %83.9 canlılıkta toplamda 85-200 yumurta bırakmıştır. Elma içkurdu, laboratuvarda kolonisinde hiçbir hastalık belirtisi gözlenmeden 2 yıl boyunca sürekli yetiştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyoloji, Cydia pomonella

Biology and Laboratory Rearing of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Its Natural Host “Green Immature Apple” Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosales: Rosaceae)

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an economically important pest of apple trees in Turkey and also in worldwide. The aim of this study was to report a continuous rearing method on green immature apples (Malus domestica cv. 'Gala') for C. pomonella and fundamental information of its biology. The experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 under the laboratory conditions. Eggs were laid individually or disorderly in small masses on the oviposition substrate in the adult cages. Adult food had a positive effect on the number of eggs laid per female and egg viability. Larvae developed through five instars based on head capsule measurements. Larval development was completed in 15.89±0.25 days. Survival rate of larvae ranged from 24.1% and 92.6% based on larval density per apple. The duration of pupal development was 8.90±0.10 days with 87.5% adult emergence. The life cycle was completed on average in 29.5±0.3 days. Adult longevity was 12.2±0.60 days for females and 16.7±1.90 days for males. A single female laid about 12.3 eggs/day and a total of 85-200 eggs with 83.9% viability. The codling moth has been reared continuously in the laboratory for two years with no evidence of disease in the colony.

Keywords:

Biology Cydia pomonella, green immature apple,

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