Biyokömür ve Kükürt Uygulamasının Alkali Killi-Tınlı Topraklarda Fosfor Alınabilirliği ve Toprak Enzim Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Biyokömür adı verilen “biochar (BC)” zengin besin elementi içeriğine ve toprak ıslah edici özelliklere sahiptir. BC son zamanlarda gübre veya toprak düzenleyici materyal olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak BC’nin kükürt (S) ile birlikte uygulandığı çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma ile zeytin posasından elde edilmiş BC ve S’in ayrı ayrı ve birlikte uygulanmasının killi-tınlı ve pH si yüksek olan topraklarda fosfor (P) elverişliliği ile toprak sağlığı açısından önemli olan enzim aktiviteleri (asit fosfataz, alkalin fosfataz, β-Glukozidaz ve dehidrogenaz) üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Topraklara farklı BC (0, % 0.75, % 1.5) ve S (0, 800 mg kg-1) dozları uygulanarak kontrollü şartlarda faktöriyel deneme planına göre 45 gün süre ile inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre; elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), Toplam P ve β-glukozidaz enzim aktivitesi üzerine BC ve S interaksiyonu önemli bulunmuştur. BC’nin, S ile birlikte uygulanması toplam fosfor miktarını artırırken, hem BC hem de S uygulamaları elverişli P miktarını artırmıştır. Bununla birlikte, BC ve S toprak EC değerinde artışa neden olurken S uygulaması toprak pH değerini düşürmüştür. Ek olarak, toprak organik madde miktarı BC dozunun artmasıyla yükselmiştir. Dikkat çekici bir şekilde BC ve S uygulamaları; asit fosfataz, alkalin fosfataz ve dehidrogenaz enzim aktivitesi üzerine etki yapmazken, BC uygulaması yapılmayan S uygulamasında β-glukozidaz enzim aktivitesi azalmıştır. Bu ön çalışma BC ve S uygulamalarının arazi koşullarında ve uygun dozlarda çalışılmasının zorunlu olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Toprak Enzim aktivitesi, fosfor elverişliliği

Effects of Biochar and Sulfur amendment on Soil Phosphorus and Soil Enzyme Activity in Alkaline Clay-Loam Soil

Biochar (BC) has rich nutrient content and soil-improving properties. BC has recently been used as a fertilizer or soil amendment material. However, studies in which BC is applied with sulfur (S) are limited. In this study, effects of BC obtained from olive pulp and S separately and in combination with phosphorus (P) in soil with clay loam and high pH effects on enzyme activities -important for soil health- (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, β-Glucosidase and Dehydrogenase) have been examined. Different BC (0, 0.75%, 1.5%) and S (0, 800 mg kg-1) doses have been applied to the soil and incubated under controlled conditions for 45 days according to the factorial trial plan. According to the results of this study, BC and S interaction on electrical conductivity (EC), Total P and β-Glucosidase enzyme activity were found to be significant. BC and S application increased the total phosphorus amount, while both BC and S applications increased the available amount of P. However, BC and S resulted in an increase in soil EC value and S application decreased soil pH value. In addition, the amount of soil organic matter increased with the increase in the dose of BC. Strikingly while BC and S applications did not affect enzyme activity acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase enzyme activity was decreased in S application without BC application. This preliminary study shows that BC and S applications are required to be studied at appropriate field conditions and at appropriate doses.

Keywords:

Soil enzyme activity, phosphorus availability,

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