Çanakkale Boğazı (Kepez) Midye (Mytilus galloprovincialis L., 1819) Örneklerinde Ağır Metal ve Antioksidan Enzim Düzeylerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi

Bu çalışmada, yoğun bir deniz trafiğine sahip olan Çanakkale Boğazı Kepez kıyılarındaki ağır metal kirliliğinin midyeler üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. Bu amaçla, Akdeniz Midyesi (Mytilus galloprovincialis) solungaç, hepatopankreas ve kas dokularında toplam protein (TP), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) düzeylerindeki değişimler incelendi. Mevsimsel farklılıkları değerlendirebilmek için dokulardaki kadmiyum (Cd), bakır (Cu), demir (Fe), kurşun (Pb) ve çinko (Zn) ağır metallerinin birikim düzeyleri de tayin edildi. M. galloprovincialis örneklerinin solungaç, hepatopankreas ve kas dokularındaki ağır metal miktarlarının (sonbaharda hepatopankreasta ölçülen Pb değeri hariç) kabul edilebilir değerlerin altında olduğu belirlendi. TP miktarı, en yüksek hepatopankreas dokusunda sonbahar mevsiminde görüldü. SOD aktivitesi, ilkbahar mevsiminde daha yüksek görülmekle birlikte solungaç ve kas dokularında mevsimsel olarak anlamlı farklılık gözlendi (p<0.05). CAT aktivitesinde solungaç ve hepatopankreas dokularında sonbaharda ilkbahara oranla belirgin ve anlamlı bir düşüş görüldü. Belirlenen farklılıklar, antioksidatif savunma mekanizmalarının ağır metal konsantrasyonlarıyla güçlü bir korelasyon gösterdiğini ve sucul kirliliğin belirlenmesi ve engellenmesinde enzimatik aktivitenin en genel belirteç olduğunu ortaya koydu.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağır metal, antioksidan, CAT, Mytilus galloprovincialis, SOD.

Seasonal Variations of Antioxidant Enzyme and Heavy Metal Levels in Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L., 1819) In Dardenelles Bosphorus (Kepez)

In this study, the effects of heavy metal pollution on mussel have been investigated in Kepez, Çanakkale Bosphorus, where has busy sea traffic. For this purpose, changes in total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in the gills, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) samples investigated. The levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) heavy metals in the tissues were also determined to evaluate seasonal differences. The results exhibited that Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of gills, hepatopancreas and muscles of M. galloprovincialis samples were under allowable values (except from Pb level in hepatopancreas in autumn). TP concentrations were higher in autumn in hepatopancreas. SOD activities were also higher in spring and levels of muscles and gills activities were significantly different in the spring and autumn (p<0.05). Higher CAT activity was measured also in spring although CAT levels of the hepatopancreas and gills were significantly different in the samples collected. The differences indicate that antioxidative defence mechanisms were strongly correlated with heavy metal concentrations, and enzymatic activities are the most common bioindicators for determination and prevention of aquatic pollution.

Keywords:

Heavy metal, antioxidant, CAT, Mytilus galloprovincialis, SOD.,

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