The Volumetrical, Geometrical and FrictionalProperties of White Mulberry (Morus albaL.) Fruits

The volumetrical, geometrical and frictional properties of white mulberry fruits (Morus albaL.) determined at a moisture content of 13.89% (d.b.). The mean values of the fruit mass, porosity, fruit volume, fruit and bulk densities values of white mulberry fruits were found as 1.06 g, 75.3%, 0.53 cm3, 1911.7 kg/m3and 454.0 kg/m3, respectively. The mean values of the surface area, sphericity and geometric mean diameter and were 4.16 cm2, 71.02% and 11.5 mm, respectively. The angle of repose of the white mulberry fruits was found as 22.1?and also, the mean values of dynamic and static coefficient of friction against plywood, chipboard, galvanized steel, rubber and mild steel surfaces were determined and the highest dynamic and static coefficients of friction values of white mulberry fruits were found for rubber surface.

___

Altuntas E, Demirtola H. 2007. Effect of moisture content on physical properties of some grain legume seeds. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35: 423-433.

Altuntas E, Ozturk B, Ozkan Y, Yildiz K. 2012. Physico- mechanical Properties and Colour Characteristics of Apple as Affected by Methyl Jasmonate Treatments. International Journal of Food Engineering. Volume 8, Issue 1, DOI: 10.1515/1556-3758.2388, May 2012.

Altuntas E, Gul EN, Bayram M. 2013. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) during physiological maturity and ripening period. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University (JAFAG), 30 (1): 33-40.

Altuntas E, Karaosman N. 2015. The post-harvest engineering properties of Japan flowering crabapple (Malus floribunda) fruits. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR EJournal. Manuscript, 17(1): 264-272, 2015.

Altuntas E, Yildiz M, Gul EN. 2015. The effect of ripening periods on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of service tree (Sorbus Domestica L.) fruits. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR EJournal. Manuscript, 17(2): 259-266, 2015.

Altuntas E. 2015. The geometric, volumetric and frictional properties of Juniper berries. American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 2015; 2(1): 1-4.

Aydin C, Öğüt H, Konak M. 2002. Some physical properties of Turkish Mahaleb. Biosystem Engineering, 82(2): 231-234.

Baydar NG, Akkurt M. 2001. Oil content and oil quality properties of some grape seeds. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry, 25: 163-168.

Celik A, Ercisli S. 2009. Some physical properties of pomegranate cv. Eksinar. Int. Agrophysics, 23: 295-298.

Darvishi H, Zarein M, Minaei S, Khafajeh H. 2014. Exergy and Energy Analysis, Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of White Mulberry Drying Process. International Journal of Food Engineering 2014; 10(2): 269-280.

Demir F, Kalyoncu IH. 2003. Some nutritional, pomological and physical properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L). Journal of Food Engineering, 60: 335-341.

Doymaz I. 2004. Drying kinetics of white mulberry. Journal of Food Engineering, 61: 341-346.

Gündüz G, Yıldırım N, Şirin G, Onat SM. 2009. Some Anatomical, Chemical, Physical And Mechanic Properties of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Tree. Journal of Forestry, 5(1): 132- 149. (In Turkish).

Gezer İ, Haciseferoğulları H, Demir F. 2002. Some physical properties of Hacıhaliloğlu apricot pit and its kernel _ Journal of Food Engineering, 56: 49-57.

Haciseferogulları H, Ozcan M, Sonmete MH, Ozbek O. 2005. Some physical and chemical parameters of wild medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit grown in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering, 69: 1-7.

Hacıseferoğulları H, Gezer İ, Özcan MM, Murat Asma B. 2007. Post harvest chemical and physical-mechanical properties of some apricot varieties cultivated in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering 79: 364-373.

Hazbav I. 2014. Estimation of maximum height for bulk of white mulberry. International Journal of Biosciences. Vol.4 (1): 205- 211.

Jahromi MK, Rafiee S, Jafari A, GhasemiBousejin MR, Mirasheh R, Mohtasebi SS. 2008. Some physical properties of date fruit (cv. Dairi). International Agrophysics, 22(3): 221-224.

Mohsenin NN. 1986. Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Press, New York, USA.

Natic´ MM, Dabic´ DC?, Papetti A, Fotiric´-Aksic´ MM, Ognjanov V, Ljubojevic´ M, 2014. Analysis and characterisation of phytochemicals in mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits grown in Vojvodina, North Serbia. Food Chemistry, 171: 128-136.

Owolarafe OK, Olabige MT, Faborode MO. 2007. Physical and mechanical properties of two varieties of fresh oil palm fruit. Journal of Food Engineering, 78: 1228-1232.

Sánchez M. 2016. FAO Electronic Conference on Mulberry For Anımal Productıon (Morus1-L). World Distribution and Utilization of Mulberry, Potential for Animal Feeding. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGa/AGAP/FRG/Mulberry/Papers/PDF/ Intro.pdf (Access to web: 20 September 2016).

Yıldız O. 2013. Physicochemical and sensory properties of mulberry products: Gümüşhane pestil and köme. Turk J Agric For. 37, 762-771.

Zelová H, Hanáková Z, C?ermáková Z, Smejkal K, Dall e?Acqua S, Babula P, Cvac?ka J, andHosek J. 2014. Evaluation of anti- inflammatory activity of prenylated substances isolated from Morus alba and Morus nigra. Journal of Natural Products, 77, 1297-1303.