Sema Yaman FIRINCIOĞLU, Hatice Nur KILIÇ

Sütteki A1-A2 β-Kazeinin Özellikleri Ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri

Beslenme konusundaki olumlu etkilerine rağmen, sütün alerjik reaksiyona ve birçok sağlık problemlerine neden olduğu da bildirilmiştir. Sütün alerjik reaksiyonu ise laktoz intoleransı olarak adlandırılmakta ancak bu durumunun laktozdan değil de hayvan türlerine bağlı olarak değişen sütün β-kazein yapısından kaynaklandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Sütün yapısında bulunan β-kazeinin birçok franksiyonu olmasına rağmen, özellikle A1 ve A2 kazein dikkat çekmektedir. A1 β-kazein, biyoaktif opioid peptit olan βkazomorfin-7 (BKM-7)’nin oluşumunda rol oynadığı için birçok sağlık sorununa neden olmaktadır. Bu sağlık sorunları ise; canlı vücudunda alerjik reaksiyona, bağışıklık sisteminin zayıflamasına ve gastrointestinalsistemin yavaşlamasının yansıra bazısistemik hastalıklara (kardiyovasküler hastalık, tip 1 diyabet, otizm, şizofreni) da neden olmaktadır. Özellikle yeni doğan canlılar, gastro-intestinal sistemin yeterince gelişmemiş olması nedeniyle, bahsedilen bu sağlık sorunlarına daha sık maruz kalabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle A1 β-kazein içeren sütlerin, özellikle kültür ırklarına ait inek sütlerinin tüketimi tavsiye edilmemektedir. A2 β-kazeinde ise A1 β-kazeinin oluşturduğu BKM-7 (β -kazomorfin-7) meydana gelemediğinden, bu sağlık problemlerinin gözlemlenmesi söz konusu değildir. Ayrıca, A2 β-kazein DPP4 (dipeptidil peptidaz 4) enzimlerinin vücutta düzenlenmesine ve opioid olmayan bir etki gözlemlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Yeni doğan, çölyak ve mide rahatsızlığı olan insanlarda A2 β-kazeini içeren keçisütü ve süt ürünlerinin tüketilmesi tavsiye edilmektedir. A1 ve A2 β-kazein hakkında çalışmaların yetersiz oluşu ve tartışmaların devam etmesine karşın, bu derlemede inek ve keçi sütünde bulunan A1 ve A2 β-kazeinin önemi, farkları ve insan sağlığına olan etkilerine değinilmeye çalışılmıştır

The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health

Despite positive effects on nutrition, it has been reported that milk causes allergic reactions and many health problems. Allergic reaction to milk is called lactose intolerance, but it is estimated that thisis not caused by lactose, but by the β -casein structure of milk, which varies depending on animal species. Although there are many fractions of β-casein in the structure of milk, especially A1 and A2 casein attract attention. A1 β -casein causes many health problems because it plays a role in the formation ofthe bioactive opioid peptide β-casomorphin-7 (β-CM-7). These health problems are allergic reactions, weakening ofthe immune system and slowing down of the gastro-intestinalsystem and some systemic diseases(cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes, autism, schizophrenia). The underdevelopment of gastro-intestinal system, especially in newborns, causes usto encounter these health problems more frequently. For this reason, the consumption of milk containing A1 β-casein, especially cow’s milk from culture breeds, is not recommended. Since BKM-7 (β-casomorphin-7) formed by A1 β-casein cannot occur in A2 β-casein, these health problems cannot be expected to be observed. However, A2 β-casein causes DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) enzymes to be regulated in the body and a non-opioid effect is observed. It is recommended to consume goat’s milk and dairy products containing A2 β-casein in newborns, people with celiac disease and stomach disorders. Despite the lack ofstudies on the subject of A1 and A2 β-casein and the ongoing discussions, in thisreview, the importance and differences of A1 and A2 β-caseins in cow and goat milk were discussed and their effects on human health.

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