Pazarsuyu Deresi (Giresun, Türkiye) Sediment Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemlerle Belirlenmesi

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi, Giresun il sınırları içerisinde bulunan Pazarsuyu Deresi sediment kalitesinin tespitini amaçlayan bu çalışma Haziran 2014 ile Mayıs 2015 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Belirlenen dört istasyondan mevsimsel olarak alınan sediment örneklerindeki ortalama ağır metal miktarları; Cr; 10,64 ppm, Mn; 155,83 ppm, Fe; 8312 ppm, Co; 5,73 ppm, Cu; 17,79 ppm, Zn; 32,74 ppm, Cd; 0,16 ppm, Pb; 19,69 ppm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ortalama olarak sediment pH’ı ve organik madde yüzdesi sırasıyla 6,64-5,02 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), pearson korelasyon analizi, kümeleme ve faktör analizleriyle istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Noktalama grafikleri PAST istatistik programında yapılmıştır. Bu grafikler sediment kalite kriterleri ve yerkabuğu ortalama ağır metal içeriği ile karşılaştırılarak, akarsuyun sedimentindeki ağır metal kirliliğinin seviyesi belirlenmiştir.

Determination of the Sediment Quality of Pazarsuyu Stream (Giresun, Turkey) by Multivariate Statistical Methods

The present study, aimed to determine sediment quality of Pazarsuyu Stream, located in the city limit Giresun, Black Sea Region, were carried out between June 2014 and May 2015. The average heavy metal levels of samples taken seasonally from four selected stations were as follow; Cr; 10.64 ppm, Mn; 155.83 ppm, Fe; 8312 ppm, Co; 5.73 ppm, Cu; 17.79 ppm, Zn; 32.74 ppm, Cd; 0.16 ppm, Pb; 19.69 ppm. Additionally, the average sediment organic matter % and pH were found as 6.64 and 5.02, respectively. The obtained data were evaluated statistically by one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, cluster, and factor analysis. Dot graphs were made by using PAST statistical program. The level of heavy metal pollution in the stream sediment were determined by comparisons of our graphs with sediment quality criteria and the mean heavy metal concentrations of the earth.

PDF

___

Anonim. 2013. TÜBİTAK Marmara Araştırma Merkezi Çevre Ve Temiz Üretim Enstitüsü, Havza Koruma Eylem Planlarının Hazırlanması Projesi Doğu Karadeniz Havzası Proje Nihai Raporu, Kocaeli.
Anonim. 2014. Giresun Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, Giresun İli 2013 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Giresun.
ATSDR. 2012. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for cadmium. Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp5.pdf
Bakan G, Şenel D. 2000. Samsun Mert Irmağı-Karadeniz Deşarjında Yüzey Sediman (Dip Çamur) ve Su Kalitesi Araştırması. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 24: 135-141.
Can A. 2016. SPSS ile Bilimsel Araştırma Sürecinde Nicel Veri Analizi, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
Cüce H, Bakan G. 2017. Spatial Assessment of the Effect of Sediment Quality on the Nutrient Levels in Shallow Waters: Cernek Lake Case. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 5(5): 546-555.
Çiçek A, Tokatlı C, Köse E. 2013. An Application On Using Multivarıate Statistıcal Techniques To Evaluate The Sediment Qualıty. Journal of Research in Ecology, 2 (1): 075-082.
Davutluoglu OI, Seckin G, Ersu CB, Yilmaz T, Sari B. 2011. Heavy metal content and distribution in surface sediments of the Seyhan River, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(9): 2250-2259.
Eqani SAMAS, Kanwal A, Ali SM, Sohail M, Bhowmik AK, Ambreen A, Ali N, Fasola M, Shen H, 2016. Spatial distribution of dust–bound trace metals from Pakistan and its implications for human exposure. Environmental Pollution, 213: 213–222.
Egemen Ö. 2000. Çevre ve su kirliliği. Ege. Üniversitesi. Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayın No 42, 116, Bornova, İzmir.
EPA Method 3051. 1998. Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, Soils, and Oils.
Guo W, Liu X, Liu Z, Li G, 2010. Pollution and potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor, Tianjin. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2: 729–736.
Hanif N, Eqani SAMAS, Ali SM, Cincinelli A, Ali N, Katsoyiannis IA, Bokhari H. 2016. Geo-accumulation and enrichment of trace metals in sediments and their associated risks in the Chenab River, Pakistan Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 165: 62-70.
Hu Y, Liu X, Bai J, Shih K, Zeng EY, Cheng H. 2013. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(9): 6150-6159.
Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Raknuzzaman M, Habibullah-Al- Mamun M. Islam MK 2015. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators, 48: 282-291.
Liu CW, Lin KH, Kuo YM. 2003. Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment, 313(1): 77-89.
Köse E, Çiçek A, Uysal K, Tokatlı C, Emiroğlu Ö, Arslan N. 2015. Heavy Metal Accumulations in Water, Sediment, and Some Cyprinid Species in Porsuk Stream (Turkey). Water Environment Research, 87(3): 195-204.
Krauskopf KB. 1979. Introduction to geochemistry. International series in the earth and planetary sciences. McGraw-Hill, Tokyo.
Kürker S. 2016. Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment of Lake Tortum Based on Ecological Indices. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 4(12): 1185- 1191.
MacDonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Berger TA. 2000. Development and Evaluation of Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for Freshwater Ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 39: 20-31.
Öner Ö, Çelik A. 2011. Gediz Nehri Aşağı Gediz Havzası'ndan alınan su ve sediment örneklerinde bazı kirlilik parametrelerinin incelenmesi. Ekoloji, 20(78): 48-52.
Özbay Ö, Göksu M, Alp MT, Sungur MA. 2013. Berdan Çayı (Tarsus-Mersin) Sedimentinde Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Araştırılması. Ekoloji Dergisi, 22(86): 68-74.
Rauf A. Javed M, Ubaidullah M, Abdullah S. 2009. Assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the river Ravi, Pakistan. International Journal of agriculture and Biology, 11(2): 197- 200.
Song Y, Müller G. 1999. Sediment-water interactions in anoxic freshwater sediments. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Vol. 81. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Soylak M, Narin I, Elci L, Dogan M. 1999. Investigation of some trace element pollution in Karasu, Sarmisakli Cayi and Kizilirmak Rivers, Kayseri-Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 8: 014–017
Soylak M, Divrikli U, Saracoglu S, Elci L. 2002. Monitoring trace metal levels in Yozgat-Turkey: Copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, lead, cadmium, manganese and chromium levels in stream sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11(1): 47-52.
Stresty TVS, Madhava Rao KV. 1999. Ultrastructural Alterations İn Response To Zinc And Nickel Stress in The Root Cell Of Pigeonpea, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 41: 3-13.
Tokatlı C, Baştatlı Y. 2016. Trace and toxic element levels in river sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(4):1715-1720.
Tokatlı C. 2017. Bioecological and statistical risk assessment of toxic metals in sediments of a worldwide important wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey). Archives of Environmental Protection, 43(1): 34-47.
Tepe Y, Boyd CE. 2002. Sediment quality in Arkansas bait minnow ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 33(3):221-232.
Tepe Y, Boyd CE. 2003. A reassessment of nitrogen fertilization for sunfish ponds. Journal-World Aquaculture Society, 34(4): 505-511.
Türkmen, A, Akbulut, S. 2015. Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediment From Disembogue Points of Some Creeks along Giresun Coast. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(9): 707-714.
USEPA. 2001. Methods for Collection Storage and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemical and Toxicological Analyses: Technical Manual: EPA 823-B-01-002; US. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
Ustaoğlu F, Tepe Y, Aydın H, Akbaş A. 2017. Investigation of Water Quality and Pollution Level of Lower Melet River, Ordu, Turkey. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 32 (1): 69-79.
Varol M. 2011. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195, 355-364.
Varol M, Şen B. 2012. Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey. Catena, 92: 1–10.
Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Xu C, An Z. 2014. Multivariate statistical techniques for evaluating and identifying the environmental significance of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Yangtze River, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 71(3): 1183-1193.
WHO. 2001. Environmental Health Criteria 221 Zinc. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
WHO. 2010. Exposure to cadmium: a major public health concern. Preventing Disease through Healthy Environments, 27,Geneva.
Zheng NA, Wang Q, Liang Z, Zheng D. 2008. Characterization of heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of three freshwater rivers in Huludao City, Northeast China. Environmental Pollution, 154(1): 135-142.