Zeynep YARDIM, Mustafa AKŞİT

Kafes Sistemi ve Yerleşim Sıklığının Yumurta Tavuklarının Performansı, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Kabuğunun Mikrobiyal Yükü Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, zenginleştirilmiş ve konvansiyonel kafes sistemlerinin, düşük ve yüksek yerleşim sıklığının yumurta tavuklarının performansı, yumurta kalite özellikleri ve yumurta kabuğundaki mikroorganizma sayıları üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada yerli (AtakS) ve yabancı (Lohmann) iki farklı genotipten oluşan 864 adet yumurtacı hibrit kullanılmıştır. Kafes sistemi olarak konvansiyonel sistemde batarya tipi, alternatif sistemde ise zenginleştirilmiş kafes tipi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, yumurtlama döneminde (18-76 hafta), genotip ve kafes sisteminin yumurta verimi ve yumurta kitlesini önemli düzeyde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu dönemde, Lohmann genotipi ve konvansiyonel kafeslerin daha fazla yumurta üretimine ve yumurta kitlesine sahip olduğunu belirlenmiştir. Tavukların zenginleştirilmiş kafeslerde konvansiyonel kafeslerden daha fazla yem tükettikleri ve yüksek yerleşim sıklığına göre düşük yerleşim sıklığında yemden daha iyi yararlandıkları görülmüştür. Genotip ve kafes sisteminin yumurtaların kalite özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi önemli bulunmuş ve Lohmann yumurtalarının daha iyi kalite özelliklerine (özellikle yumurta kabuğu kalitesi) sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, konvansiyonel sistemde yumurtaların iç kalitesinin, zenginleştirilmiş sistem ise dış kalite özelliklerinin olumlu etkilendiği anlaşılmıştır. Yumurta kabuk yüzeyindeki toplam mikroorganizma sayısı, zenginleştirilmiş kafes sisteminde konvansiyonel sistemden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, yerleşim sıklığının yumurta kabuğunun mikrobiyal yükü üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır.

The Effect of Cage System and Stocking Density on Performance, Egg Quality and Microbial Load of Eggshell of Laying Hens

This study was carried out to determine the effects of two different cage systems (enriched and conventional) and low and high stocking densities on performance, egg quality and egg shell microorganisms. In study, two different genotypes were used to native (Atak-S) and foreign (Lohmann) hens occurred of 864 hens used. As the cage system, the battery type was used in the conventional system and the enriched cage type was used in the alternative system. The results indicated that genotype and cage system significantly affected egg production and egg mass in the laying period (18-76 weeks). It was determined that Lohmann genotype and conventional cages had significantly higher egg production and egg mass in this period. It was seen that hens consumed significantly higher feed in enriched cages than in conventional cages, and were significantly better feed conversion ratio in low stocking density compared to high stocking density. The effects of genotype and cages system on the quality characteristics of eggs were found to be significant, and it was determined quality characteristics of Lohmann eggs were better (especially eggshell quality. In addition, it was understood that the internal quality of the eggs in the conventional cages and the external quality characteristics of the eggs in the enriched system were positively affected. The total numbers of microorganisms were determined to be higher on shell of eggs from enriched cages than conventional cages. The total numbers of microorganisms were higher in enriched cage eggs compared to conventional cage eggs. However, stocking density was not a significant effect on the microbial load of the eggshell.

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