Zoonotik Bir Patojen Olan Salmonella’nın Bitki Konaklarındaki Davranışı

Salmonella, gıda kaynaklı gastroenterit vakalarının başlıca etkenlerinden biri olarak bilinmekte ve bu özelliği ile halk sağlığı ve ekonomik kayıplar açısından büyük bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Her yıl dünyada meydana gelen yaklaşık 94 milyon salmonelloz vakasının (bunların yaklaşık yüzde 85’i gıda kaynaklıdır) ortalama 150.000 adetinin ölümle sonuçlandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Mevcut sosyal eğilimler, günlük beslenmemizde taze ürünlerin önemli sağlık yararlarını vurgulamaktadır. Bir ironi olarak; taze bitkisel ürünlerin pişirilmeden tüketimi ise, bağırsak kökenli patojenler için giderek daha büyük bir bulaş kaynağı olarak tanımlanmakta ve bu yolla meydana gelen salgınlar hızlı bir şekilde yayılmaktadır. Günümüzde taze ürünler, baharatlar ve sert kabuklu yemişlerle bağlantılı insan kaynaklı patojen salgınlarının sıklığı, hayvansal kaynaklı gıdalarla bağlantılı olanları geçmiş durumdadır. Üretim zincirinde bulunan insan patojenleri; hayvan gübresi, kontamine sulama suyu, biyolojik vektörler (böcek ve hayvanlar) ve kontamine tohum kullanımı gibi temel yollarla bitkisel materyale geçebilmektedir. Bu veriler ışığında birçok bağırsak kökenli patojen, filosfer ile ilişkili bakteriler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tüm bu bulgulara rağmen Salmonella’nın kontamine ettiği bitki konaklarında kalıcılığı ve enfektivitesi üzerinde çok sayıda bilinmeyen bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede Salmonella’nın bitki yüzeylerine tutunmasını, kolonizasyonunu ve hayatta kalmasını etkileyen faktörlerin yanı sıra, bitki dokularının invazyonu ile devam eden enfeksiyon süreçleri üzerindeki bilgi, çağdaş literatür verileri doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.

Behavior of Salmonella, a Zoonotic Pathogen, in Plant Hosts

Salmonella is known as one of the main factors of food-borne gastroenteritis, and with this feature, it poses a great risk in terms of public health and economic losses. It is estimated that of the approximately 94 million cases of salmonellosis occurring in the world each year (about 85 percent of these are food-borne), an average of 150,000 result in death. Current social trends highlight the important health benefits of fresh produce in our daily diet. As an irony; Uncooked consumption of fresh herbal products is increasingly identified as a source of transmission for pathogens of intestinal origin, and epidemics occurring in this way are spreading rapidly. Today, the frequency of anthropogenic pathogen outbreaks associated with fresh produce, spices, and nuts has surpassed those associated with foods of animal origin. Human pathogens in the production chain; It can be transferred to plant material by basic means such as the use of animal manure, contaminated irrigation water, biological vectors (insects and animals) and contaminated seeds. In the light of these data, many intestinal pathogens have been identified as phyllo sphere-associated bacteria. Despite all these findings, there are many unknowns on the persistence and infectivity of Salmonella in contaminated plant hosts. In this review article, the factors affecting the attachment, colonization and survival of Salmonella on plant surfaces, as well as the information on the infection processes that continue with the invasion of plant tissues are discussed in the light of contemporary literature data.

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