Hayvan Besleme Stratejileri ile Metan Emisyonunun Azaltılması

Hızla gelişmekte nüfusla birlikte gıda talebine paralel olarak tarımsal ve hayvansal üretimin hızla ilerlemesinin yanında birim hayvan başına verim artışları için uygulanan yöntemler de hızla ilerlemektedir. Hayvansal ürünlerdeki artış birim hayvansal ürün başına çevresel etkileri artırmaktadır. Son yıllarda hayvansal atıkların da artmasıyla sera gazı emisyonu daha da yükselmektedir, bundan dolayı çevre ve hayvan sağlığı olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu olumsuz etkinin önlenmesi amacıyla sürdürülebilir yöntemler ve zararlı sera gazlarının emisyonunu azaltmak için işletmede hayvan besleme ve bakımla ilgili stratejik önlemler önem taşımaktadır. En önemli ikinci sera gazı olan metan, bir molekül olarak atmosferde büyük miktarlarda bulunmaktadır, bu gazın atmosferde birikmesi CO₂’den fazla olması bu konuya olan ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Rumen koşullarının optimizasyonu ve birim hayvan başına verimliliğini artırmak için ruminant hayvanların beslenmesi ile ilgili farklı uygulamalar (yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı, yemleme stratejileri) gelişmekte olan bir alandır. Bu bilginin hayvan yetiştiricileri ile paylaşılması ve hem metan hem de azot emisyonlarının azaltılması açısından çevreye ve dolayısıyla insan ve hayvan sağlığına da fayda sağlayacaktır. Ruminant hayvanlarda, metan gazının vücuttan atılabilmesi için yemle alınan brüt enerjinin %2-12 aralığında kaybına sebep olabilmektedir. Ruminantlar için metan emisyonlarına neden olan dışkı ve idrardaki nitrojen kayıplarını azaltmaya yönelik besleme konusunda birçok sayıda araştırma yapılmakta olup bu araştırmaların birçoğu halen kalıcı bir sonuca ulaşamamaktadır. Yapılacak olan enterik CH₄ emisyonundaki azaltma, yöntemleri çiftçilerin ve hayvanların özel ihtiyaçlarına ve uygun maliyetli olmasına göre uyarlanmalıdır. Çalışmamızda, farklı koşullarda, hayvan besleme stratejileri ile metan emisyonunun azaltılmasının derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Reducing Methane Emissions with Animal Feeding Strategies

The methods applied for yield increases per unit animal are also progressing rapidly, along with the rapid progress of agricultural and animal production in parallel with the rapidly developing population and the food demand. The increase in animal products increases the environmental impacts per unit of animal product. With the increase in animal wastes in recent years, greenhouse gas emissions have increased even more, thus negatively affecting the environment and animal health. In order to prevent this negative effect, sustainable methods and strategic measures related to animal feeding and care are important in order to reduce the emission of harmful greenhouse gases. Methane, which is the second most important greenhouse gas, is found in large amounts in the atmosphere as a molecule, the accumulation of this gas in the atmosphere more than CO₂ increases the interest in this subject. Different practices related to the nutrition of ruminant animals (use of feed additives, feeding strategies) in order to optimize rumen conditions and increase productivity per unit animal is a developing area. Sharing thisinformation with animal breeders will also benefit the environment, and therefore human and animal health, in terms of reducing both methane and nitrogen emissions. In ruminant animals, it can cause a loss of 2-12% of the gross energy taken with the feed so that the methane gas can be removed from the body. There are many studies on feeding to reduce nitrogen losses in faeces and urine, which cause methane emissions for ruminants, and many of these studies still do not reach a permanent conclusion. The reduction in enteric CH₄ emissions to be made must be tailored to the specific needs of farmers and livestock, and to be cost-effective. In our study, it is aimed to compile animal feeding strategies and reduction of methane emissions under different conditions.

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