Evaluation of Soil Erosion and Sustainable Land Use Management in the Sarısu Basin

Land use management requires controlling natural resources for sustainability. Soil erosion related to improper land use is a major issue around the world. Land degradation may harm the health of ecosystems. Defining the soil loss in a basin is the starting point in the restoration of soil quality for crop production. Reducing soil losses to a tolerable rate is one of the primary objectives for sustainability and soil conservation. Central Anatolia is under considerable risk due to an increase in the cultivation of marginal lands for food production. Cultivated lands have already been reached the final limits throughout the last 50 years. Moreover, forests and considerable areas of pasture have recently been converted to ploughed fields due to agricultural expansion. This study was conducted in the Sarısu basin to evaluate soil losses and land use management for sustainability. The Universal Soil Loss Equation model and Geographic Information System techniques were used to estimate the soil losses. The mean potential soil loss of the basin was calculated to be 1.88 t ha-1 per year with the Universal Soil Loss Equation model. These results are comparatively small when compared to the average value for Turkey of 13 t ha-1yearly. Our calculated results are closer to the value for the Sakarya river basin, which is approximately 2.77 t ha-1 y-1. In this study, land usages in the Sarısu basin were evaluated in terms of soil losses, tolerable soil loss rates and soil conservation precautions.

PDF

___

Alewell C, Egli M, Meusburger K. 2014. An attempt to estimate tolerable soil erosion rates by matching soil formation with denudation in Alpine grasslands. Journal of Soils and Sediments, H. Special issue: soil formation and weathering in time and space, 15(6):1383-1399.

Anonymous 2011. The project of national pasture usage and management, The Ministry of Food, Agricultural and Stockbreeding. General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Result report, Ankara.

Arıcak B, Enez K, Genç ÇÖ, Sevik H. 2016. A method study to determine buffering effect of the forest cover on particulate matter and noise isolation. Forest Engineering and Technologies FETEC 2016, 177.

Aricak B. 2015. Using remote sensing data to predict road fill areas and areas affected by fill erosion with planned forest road construction: a case study in Kastamonu Regional Forest Directorate (Turkey). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 187(7), 417.

Ayday E. 1996. Soil erodibiliy (K) and Rainfall erosion (R) factors of Universal Equation in Eskişehir conditions (1973-1982). Soil and Water Research Institute of Eskişehir, Publication No: 178, Report Number: 136, Eskişehir.

Aydın M. 2009. Determination of soil losses by using WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) composed of different land use and necessary precuations in Gümüşhane-Torul Dam Creek. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 9(1), 54-65.

Bhattacharyya, R., Ghosh, B.N., Mishra, P.K., Mandal, B., Rao, C., Sarkar, D., Das, K., Anil, K.S., Lalitha, M., Hati, K.M.,

Franzluebbers, A.J. 2015. Soil degradation in India: Challenges and potential solutions. Sustainability. 7:3528-3570. doi: 10.3390/su7043528.

Cetin M, Sevik H. 2016. Evaluating the recreation potential of Ilgaz Mountain National Park in Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(1), 52.

Di Stefano C, Ferro V. 2016. Establishing Soil Loss Tolerance: An Overview. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. Vol 47, No 3

Du S, Chen A, Liu G. 2013. Determination of purple soil loss tolerance based on soil productivity in southwest China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation March-April 2013 vol. 68, no. 2, 146-152.

Fujisaka S. 1994. Learning from six reasons why farmers do not adopt innovations intended to improve sustainability of upland Agriculture. Agric. Syst., Edinburgh, 46:409-425.

Gomiero T. 2016. Soil Degradation, Land Scarcity and Food Security: Reviewing a Complex Challenge, Sustainability, 8(3), 281; doi:10.3390/su8030281Ioannis Z, Gitas KD, Minakou C,

Silleos GN, Karydas CG. 2009. Multi-temporal soil erosion risk assessment in n. Chalkidiki using a modified USLE raster model. EARSeL eProceedings, 8, 1/2009 P. 40-52.

Karaş E, Oğuz İ, Türkseven E, Keskin S. 2009. Sakarya-PorsukSarısu Havzasında Bazı Erozyon Haritalama Yöntemlerinden Yararlanarak Erozyon Risk Haritalarının Hazırlanması. 1. Ulusal Kuraklık ve Çölleşme Sempozyumu, 16-18 Haziran 2009-Konya

Kaya LG, Cetin M, Doygun H. 2009. A holistic approach in analyzing the landscape potential: Porsuk Dam Lake and its environs, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(8), 1525-153.

Klute A. 1969. Laboratory measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil. Agron. 9: 210-211.

Kulaç Ş, Yıldız Ö. 2016. Effect of Fertilization on the Morphological Development of European Hophormbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) Seedlings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 4(10), 813-821.

Kurnaz A, Mutlu E, Uncumusaoğlu AA. 2016. Determination of Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metal Content in Surface Water of Çiğdem Pond (Kastamonu/Turkey). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 4(10): 907-913.

Lal, R. 2004. Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security, Science, 304, 1623, DOI: 10.1126/science.1097396

Li L, Du S, Wu L, Liu G. 2009. An overview of soil loss tolerance. Catena, Volume 78, Issue 2, 15 August 2009, Pages 93–99

Logan TJ. 1989. Chemical Degradation of Soils, Advances in Soil Sci. 1:187-222.

McCormack DE, Young KK, Kimberlin LW. 1982. Technical and societal implications of soil loss tolerance. In R.P.C. Morgan [ed.] Soil Conservation, Problems and Prospects. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY.

Miklos AAW. 1992. Biodynamique d'une couverture pédologique dans da region de Botucatu (Bresil-SP). Ph D Thesis, Université de Paris. Paris, France, 1995.

Moore I, Burch G. 1986. Physical basis of the length-slope factor in the universal soil loss equation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50:1294-1298.

Mueller-Saemann K, Floerchinger K, Girón LE, Restrepo J, Leihner D. 1998. Soil conservation strategies that take into account farmer perspective, In: S. Fujisaka, Systems and farmer participatory research: Developments in research on natural resource management. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.

Mutlu E, Kutlu B, Demir T. 2016. Assessment of Çinarli Stream (Hafik-Sivas)'S Water Quality via Physico-Chemical Methods, Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 4 (4): 267-278

Owens LB, Watson JP. 1979. Rates of weathering and soil formation on granite in Rhodesia. Soil Sci. Soc., Am. J., 43 (1): 160-166.

Öztaş T. 1997. Soil degradation, Ecology journal: 22, p. 31-33. Pimentel D. 2006. Soil Erosion: A Food and Environmental Threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability: 8, 119-137.

Sarıyıldız T, Kravkaz İS, Savacı G. 2013. Influence of Sainfoin Cover (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) and Dog rose (Rose canina) on Soil Loss, Runoff and Some Soil Properties at Erosion Control Terraces. In International Caucasia Forestry Symposium. Sevi

k H, Çetin M, Belkayali N. 2015. Effects of Forests on Amounts of CO2: Case Study of Kastamonu and Ilgaz Mountain National Parks. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 24(1); 253-256

Sparovek G, Van Lier JQ. 1997. Definition of tolerable soil erosion values. R. Bras. Ci. Solo, Viçosa, 21:467-471.

Steiner KG. 1996. Causes of soil degradation and development approaches of sustainable soil management. GTZ, Eschborn. Markgraf Verlag, Weikersheim.

Tüzüner A. 1990. The handbook of soil and water analysis, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, General Directorate of Soil and Water Resources, Ankara.

Verheijen F.G.A., Jones R.J.A., Rickson R.J., Smith C.J. (2009) Tolerable versus actual soil erosion rates in Europe. EarthScience Reviews, 94 (1-4) , pp. 23-38.Wischmeier WH, Smith DD. 1978. Predicting Rainfall Erosion

Losses - A Guide to Conservation Planning, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

World Resource Institute. 1988. World Resources 1988-1989, 383 pp., Basic Book, New York

Yassoglou N, Montanarella L, Govers G, Van Lynden G, Jones RJA, Zdruli P, Kirkby M, Giordano A, Le Bissonnais Y, Daroussin J, King D. 1998. Soil erosion in Europe. European Soil Bureau. Technical Report for DG XI

Young A. 1990. Agroforestry for soil conservation. CAB International. International Council for Research in Agroforestry, pp. 32, Wallingford.

Yüce G, Pınarbaşı A, Özçelik S, Uğurluoğlu D. 2006. Soil and water pollution derived from anthropogenic activities in the Porsuk river basin, Turkey, Environmental Geology, Vol: 49, Number: 3, pp. 359-375. Springer-Verlag GmbH.