Elma ve Erwinia amylovora İnteraksiyonlarında Etkili Proteinler

Erwinia amylovora’nın neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığı, Rosaceae familyasından yaklaşık 140 bitkide enfeksiyon yapabilmekte ve tüm dünyada yumuşak çekirdekli meyve yetiştiriciliği açısından büyük bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. E. amylovora, konukçularında hastalığa neden olabilmesi için amylovoran ve Tip III salgı sistemlerine (T3SS) ihtiyaç duymaktadır. AmsB, AmsD, AmsE, AmsF, AmsG, AmsJ, AmsI ve AmsK proteinleri, bir amylovoran birimi oluşturmak için farklı galaktoz glukuronik asit ve piruvil alt birimlerinin lipit taşıyıcıya bağlanmasında rol oynarlar. E. Amylovora tarafından salgılanan T3SS proteinleri, HrpA HrpN, HrpW, AvrRpt2EA, HopC1 ve DspA/E’ dir. E. amylovora’nın tek efektörü olan DspA/E, pilusun oluşumu sırasında T3SS yoluyla salgılanmaktadır. E. amylovora’nın şaperon proteini ise IA sınıfı içerisinde yer alan DsB/F’dir. Eop1 (dış membran proteini), E. amylovora salgı proteinlerinden biri olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Harpinlere ek olarak, E. amylovora’nın Hrp-salgı sistemi yoluyla patojenisite proteini DspE ve OrfB proteinleri salgılanmaktadır. E. amylovora, bir Hrp pilusu oluşturmaktadır ve bu da yapısal bir protein olan HrpA, tarafından meydana gelmektedir. Patojene karşı direnç kazandırmak amacıyla elma ve armutta klonlanan ve eksprese edilen antimikrobiyal proteinleri kodlayan genler; attacin E, cecropins ve lizozimlerdir. Elmada, E. amylovora enfeksiyonu ile PR2, PR5 ve PR8 proteinlerinin ifadesi artmaktadır. Yine elmalardaki HIPM proteini, E. amylovora HrpN proteini ile etkileşim göstermekte olup HIPM proteini çiçeklerde, yapraklarda ve sürgünlerde olduğundan daha fazla miktarda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca E. amylovora efektör proteini DspA/E ile etkileşime giren dört elma proteini (DIPMs) dayanıklılıkta etkili role sahiptirler. Bitki ve patojen arasındaki etkileşimin anlaşılabilmesi için konukçuda patojeni tanıyan proteinlerin yanı sıra enfeksiyon sonucu oluşan sinyal sistemi ve bitki savunma mekanizmasının da anlaşılması ile mümkün olacaktır. Bu çalışmada E. amylovora’nın elmalarda enfeksiyonu sonucu patogenezle ilişkili proteinlerin rolleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Effected Proteins in Apple and Erwinia amylovora Interactions

Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora can infect almost 140 plants of the Rosaceae family and poses a great threat to pome fruits growing all over the world. It needs amylovoran and Type III secretion systems (T3SS) to cause disease in host plants. AmsB, AmsD, AmsE, AmsF, AmsG, AmsJ, AmsI and AmsK proteins are involved in the binding of different galactose, glucuronic acid and pyruvyl subunits to the lipid carrier to form an amylovoran unit. T3SS proteins secreted by E. amylovora are HrpA HrpN, HrpW, AvrRpt2EA, HopC1 and DspA/E. DspA/E, the sole effector of E. amylovora, is secreted by during the formation of pilus T3SS. The chaperone protein of E. amylovora is DsB/F, which is in the IA class. EopB (outer membrane protein) has been characterized as one of the secretory proteins of E. amylovora. In addition to the harpins, the pathogenicity protein DspE and OrfB proteins are secreted via the Hrp-secretory system of E. amylovora. E. amylovora forms a Hrp pilus, which is produced by the structural protein HrpA. Genes encoding antimicrobial proteins cloned and expressed in apples and pears for impart resistance to the pathogen, attacin E are cecropins and lysozymes. The expression of PR2, PR5 and PR8 proteins is increased with E. amylovora infection in apple. Again, the HIPM protein in apples interacts with the E. amylovora HrpN protein, and the HIPM protein is found in higher amounts in flowers than leaves and shoots. In addition, four apple proteins (DIPMs) that interact with E. amylovora effector protein DspA/E have an effective role in endurance. In order to understand the interaction between the plant and the pathogen, it will be possible to understand the proteins that recognize the pathogen in the host, as well as the signal system and plant defense mechanism resulting from the infection. In this study, the roles of proteins associated with pathogenesis as a result of infection of E. amylovora in apples were tried to be revealed.

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