Comparison of Genetic Structure Using Molecular Markers in Estivated and Hibernated Native Bombus terrestris (L.) Populations

In this study, we aimed to investigate genetic differences between estivated Phassalis and hibernated Termessos native B. terrestris populations based on 20 microsatellite loci and two mtDNA gene regions (COI and cytb). The mean number of allele per locus, observed heterozigosity and inbreeding coefficients were determined 12.00 and 11.00, 0.68 and 0.65, 0.22 and 0.26 in Termessos and Phassalis populations, respectively. Pairwise FST value was calculated as 0.023 by using 20 microsatellite loci. According to the mtDNA COI gene region, all samples in both two populations were included in a single haplotype (Haplotype B). Four different haplotypes (Haplotypes 1-4) were determined according to the mtDNA cytb gene region. Pairwise FST value was calculated as 0.0013 according to the mtDNA cytb gene region. There were no significant differences between these two natural B. terrestris populations in terms of the 20 microsatellite and two mtDNA loci examined. According to results, life cycle differences of different native B. terrestris population are probably determined by environmental factors (photoperiod, temperature, flora, moisture, altitude etc.) rather than genetic influences.

Estivasyon ve Hibernasyon Gösteren Doğal Bombus terrestris (L.) Populasyonlarında Genetik Yapıların Moleküler Markerler Kullanılarak Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmada estivasyon gösteren Faselis ve hibernasyon gösteren Termesos doğal B. terrestris popülasyonları arasındaki genetik farklılıkların 20 mikrosatellit lokus ve iki mtDNA gen bölgesi (COI ve cytb) temelinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Termesos ve Faselis popülasyonlarında sırasıyla; lokus başına ortalama allel sayısı 12,00 ve 11,00 olarak, gözlenen heterozigotluk değeri 0,68 ve 0,65 olarak, akrabalı yetiştirme katsayısı ise 0,22 ve 0,26 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İkişerli FST değeri 20 mikrosatellit lokus kullanılarak 0,023 olarak hesaplanmıştır. mtDNA COI gen bölgesine göre Termesos ve Faselis popülasyonlarındaki tüm örneklerin tek bir haplotipe dâhil olduğu (Haplotip B) belirlenmiştir. mtDNA cytb gen bölgesine göre 4 farklı haplotip (Haplotip 1-4) belirlenmiştir. mtDNA cytb bölgesine göre ikişerli FST değeri 0,0013 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, estivasyon ve hibernasyon gösteren bu iki doğal B. terrestris popülasyonu arasında incelenen 20 mikrosatellit ve iki mtDNA lokus bakımından önemli genetik farklılıklar bulunmamıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre farklı B. terrestris doğal popülasyonlarının yaşam döngüsü bakımından farklılıklarının genetik etkilerden çok çevresel faktörler (fotoperiyod, sıcaklık, nem, yükseklik, bitki örtüsü vs.) ile şekillendiği anlaşılmaktadır.

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