Tahir ZAMAN, Syed Mubashar SABİR, Sadaf Isfaq, Muhammad Sarfraz KHAN

Biological Activities of Stem, Leaves and Essential Oil of Cedrus deodara from District Poonch, Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) Loudon, is a high value medicinal plant found in flora of Poonch part of Himalayan region. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the antioxidant activity, quantification of phenolics and flavonoids, chelating ability, biofilm inhibition, thrombolytic activity and cytotoxicity of the stem, leaves of crudes extracts and essential oil. It can be claimed that that all parts of C. deodara including its essential oil is a rich source of phytochemicals that exhibited high quantity of phenolics ranged from (49.76±0.22 GAE to 60.36±0.44GAE mg/g) and flavonoids ranged from (4.78±0.61mg/g to 6.62±0.45 mg/g)but also exhibited antioxidant, metal chelating agent ability, antibacterial potential ranged from (35.59±0.50 to 61.61±0.61%)and thrombolytic activities ranged from (22.86±0.7 to 32. 64±0.5 %)with minimal toxicity ranged from (0.40±0.35 to 3.73±0.23%). Further studies are required to determine the bioactive compounds and bioactivity of plant extracts and fractions.

PDF

___

Amin K, Ozgen S, Selamoglu Z. 2018. Aloe Vera: A Miracle Plant with its Wide-Ranging Applications. Pharm Pharmacol Int J 6(1): 00144. DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2017.06.00144.

Amin K, Ozgen S , Selamoglu Z. 2017. Stevia Rebaudiana: A Potential Boon for human health. SM J Med Plant Studies. 1(1): 1005.

Badr G, Ramadan N, Sayed L, Omar H, Badr BD, Selamoglu Z. 2017. Why whey? Camel whey protein as a new dietary approach for the management of free radicals and for the treatment of different health disorders. Iran J Basic Med Sci 20 (4): 338-349.

Bavington C, Page C. 2005. Stopping bacterial adhesion: a novel approach to treating infections. Respiration 72(4): 335-344.

Duraipandiyan V, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complement Altern Med 6: 35.

Dusgun C, Gulhan MF, Duruyurek M, Selamoglu Z, Erdemli ME. 2015. In vitro Analyses of Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Some Selected Plants from Nigde, Turkey.

EDUCA, ˇcasopis za obrazovanje, nauku i kulturu. Godina VIII, br. 8. 3-11, Mostar, September 2015.

Ebrahimzadeh MA, Pourmorad F, Bekhradnia AR. 2008. Iron chelating activity, phenol and flavonoid content of some medicinal plants from Iran. Afr J Biotech.7: 3188-3192.

Hashemi P, Abolghasemi M, Fakhari A, Ebrahimi SN, Ahmadi S. 2007. Hydrodistillation–solvent microextraction and GC– MS identification of volatile components of Artemisia aucheri. Chromatographia 66(3-4): 283-286.

Hussain S, AliS, Shahzadi S, Rizzoli C, Shahid M. 2015. Diorganotin (IV) Complexes with Monohydrate Disodium Salt of Iminodiacetic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Biological Activities. J Chinese Chem Soc62(9): 793-802.

Hussain S, Ali S, Shahzadi S, Rizzoli C, Shahid M. 2015. Diorganotin (IV) Complexes with Monohydrate Disodium Salt of Iminodiacetic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Biological Activities.J Chinese Chem Soc 62(9): 793-802.

HatanoT, Kagawa H, Yasuhara T, Okuda T.1988. Two new flavonoids and other constituents in licorice root; their relative astringency and radical scavenging effects. Chem PharmBull 36: 2090–2097.

Irshad M, Aziz S, Shahid M, Ahmed MN, Minhas FA, Sherazi T. 2012. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Skimmea laureola growing wild in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. J Med Plants Res6(9): 1680-1684.

Jayaprakasha G, Patil BS. 2007. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activities in fruit extracts from citron and blood orange. Food Chem 101(1): 410-418.

Kosalec I, Bakmaz M, Pepeliniak S, Vladimir-Knezevic S. 2004. Quantitative analysis of the flavonoids in raw propolis from northern Croatia. Acta Pharm 54: 65–72.

Maria D, Lorenzo AD, Nabavi SF, Selamoglu ZT, Nabavi SM. 2014. Polyphenols: well beyond the antioxidant capacity: gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: you are what you eat! Curr Pharm Biotech 15: 362-372.

Nadkarni NM. 1986. The nutritional effects of epiphytes on host trees with special reference to alteration of precipitation chemistry. Selbyana 9: 44-51.

Ofek I, Hasty DL, Sharon N. 2003. Anti-adhesion therapy of bacterial diseases: prospects and problems. FEMS.Immunol Med Microbiol 38(3): 181-191.

Ozgen M, Reese RN, Tulio AZ, Scheerens JC, Miller AR. 2006.

Modified 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method to measure antioxidant capacity of selected small fruits and comparison to ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. J Agric Food Chem 54(4): 1151-1157.

Ozgen S, Kilinc OK, Z, Selamoglu Z. 2016. Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin: A Mechanistic Review. TURJAF 4(12): 1134-1138.

Prasad S, Kashyap RS, Deopujari JY, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF. 2007. Effect of Fagonia arabica (Dhamasa) on in vitro thrombolysis. BMC Complement Altern Med 7: 36.

Puntel RL, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. 2005. Krebs cycle intermediates modulate thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in rat brain in vitro. Neurochem Res 30: 225-235.

Robu S, Aprotosoaie AC, Miron A, Cioancă O, Stănescu U, Hăncianu M. 2012. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from some Lavandula species cultivated in Romania. Farmacia 60(3): 394-401.

Selamoglu Z, Dusgun C, Akgul H, Gulhan MF. 2017. In vitro Antioxidant Activities of the Ethanolic Extracts of Some Contained-Allantoin Plants. Iran J Pharm 15: 92-98.

Selamoglu Z, Ustuntas HE, Ozgen S. 2016. Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine Practices of some Aromatic Plants in the Human Health. Res J Biol 4 (2): 52- 54.

Selamoglu Z, 2017. Polyphenolic Compounds in Human Health with Pharmacological Properties. J Trad Med Clin Naturopathy 6(4): 37.

Sevindik M, Akgul H, Pehlivan M, Selamoglu Z. 2017. Determination of Therapeutic Potential of Mentha longifolia Ssp. Longifolia. Fresenius Envir Bull. 26(7) : 4757-4763.

Sevindik M, Akgül H, Akata I, Selamoğlu Z. 2017. Geastrum Pectinatum as an Alternative Antioxidant Source with some Biochemical Analysis. Med Mycol 3(2:25): 2471-8521.

Salmas RE, Gulhan MF, Durdagi S, Sahna E, Abdullah HI, Selamoglu Z. 2017. Effects of Propolis, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Pollen on Renal Injury in Hypertensive Rat: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Cell Biochem Funct Doi :10.1002/cbf.3277.

Selamoglu Z. 2017. Biotechnological Approaches on Anticancer Activity of Flavonoids. Mod Appro Drug Des. 1(2). MADD.000510.

Shad M, Nawaz H, Rehman T, Ikram N. 2013. Determination of some biochemicals, phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of different parts of Cichorium intybus L. A comparative study. J Anim Plant Sci 23(4): 1060-1066.

Shahid SA, Anwar F, Shahid M, Majeed N, Azam A, Bashir M, Shakir I. 2015. Laser-Assisted synthesis of Mn 0.50 Zn 0.50 Fe2 O4 nanomaterial: characterization and in vitro inhibition activity towards bacillus subtilis biofilm. J Nanomater 2015: 1-6.

Singh D, Rao S, Tripathi A. 1984. Cedarwood oil as a potential insecticidal agent against mosquitoes. Naturwissenschaften 71(5): 265-266.

Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol 299: 152-178.

Steinberg D, Feldman M, Ofek I, Weiss EI. 2004. Effect of a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry on constituents of dental biofilm. J antimicrob Chemother 54(1): 86-89.

Svensson BM. 2007. Methodology for evaluation of hazards from solid waste and landfill-generated leachate. Int J Environ Anal Chem 2007: 1-15.

Takao T, Kitatani F, Watanabe N, Yagi A, Sakata K. 1994. A simple screening method for antioxidants and isolation of several antioxidants produced by marine bacteria from fish and shellfish. BiosciBiotechBiochem 58(10): 1780-1783.

Vikas S, Dhar K, Pooja S, Parul S.2013. Indian herbal medicine- A natural cure to asthma. Int. J. of Pharmacog. Phytochem Res 14: 302-310.