Sevinç KIRAN, Fatma ÖZKAY, ŞEBNEM KUŞVURAN, Ş. Şebnem ELLİALTIOĞLU

AğırMetal İçeriği Yüksek Sularla Sulanan Patlıcan Bitkilerine Uygulanan Humik Asidin Bazı Morfolojik, Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal ÖzelliklerÜzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada; ağır metal içeriği yüksek olan sulama suyu ile sulanmış ve tuza tolerans düzeyleri daha önce belirlenmiş patlıcan genotiplerinin (Burdur Merkez, Burdur Bucak, Kemer ve Giresun) bazı morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri üzerine humik asit uygulamalarının etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Kontrollü sera koşullarında yürütülen çalışmada, patlıcan tohumları torf ve perlit karışımı ortamında çimlendirilmiş ve ekimden 20 gün sonra fideler, saksılara şaşırtılmıştır. Bitkiler 4-5 gerçek yapraklı olduklarında 3 farklı humik asit dozu (0, 500, 1000 ppm) uygulanmış olup bu uygulamadan 7 gün sonra ise çeşitli dozlarda ağır metallerin karışımını içeren 3 farklı sulama suyu (Kontrol: 0 ppm; I. Karışım: 0,2 ppm Cu + 0,01 ppm Cd + 5 ppm Pb + 2 ppm Zn; II. Karışım: 0,4 ppm Cu + 0,02 ppm Cd + 10 ppm Pb + 4 ppm Zn) ile sulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bitkiler 40 gün boyunca tarla kapasitesi düzeyinde su ile sulandıktan sonra bu sürenin sonunda hasat edilmişler ve analizler için örnek alımı yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bitkiler, yeşil aksam ve kök yaş ağırlığı, yeşil aksam ve kök kuru ağırlığı, gövde ve kök boyu, yaprak alanı, klorofil ve MDA miktarı, süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), askorbat peroksidaz (APX) ve glutatyon redüktaz (GR) enzim aktiviteleri yönünden incelenmiştir. Tüm genotipler ağır metal uygulamasından olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir. Ağır metal karışımları, doz artışına paralel olarak patlıcan genotiplerinin yeşil aksam ve köklerinin yaş ve kuru ağırlıklarında, kök ve gövde boyunda, yaprak alanı değerlerinde azalmaya neden olmuştur. MDA ve antioksidatif enzim aktiviteleri, ağır metal karışımı içeren su ile sulanan bitkilerde artış göstermiştir. Humik asit uygulamaları, ağır metal stresinin büyüme ve gelişmeyi sınırlandırıcı etkisinin azaltılması üzerinde olumlu etki yapmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, tuza tolerant olan Burdur Merkez ve Burdur Bucak genotipleri hassas olan Giresun ve Kemer genotiplerine oranla ağır metal uygulamalarının oluşturduğu abiyotik stres faktörüne karşı çok daha iyi bir dayanım sergilemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar; tuzluluk, kuraklık ve ağır metal stresi gibi abiyotik streslere dayanım için bitkilerin benzer stratejiler uyguladıkları konusunda da bir görüş oluşturmuştur.

The Effect of Humic Acid Applications on Some Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Eggplants Irrigated with Water Contained Heavy Metals in High Concentration

In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the effect of humic acid applications on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of eggplant genotypes (Burdur Merkez, Burdur Bucak, Kemer and Giresun) irrigated with the irrigation water with a high content of heavy metal and determined previously salt tolerance levels. In studies conducted in controlled greenhouse conditions, eggplant seeds germinated in the growth substrate a mixture of peat and perlite and the seedlings were transplanted into pots at 20 days after sowing. Plants when they are 4- 5 true leaves, 3 different humic acid levels (0, 500, 1000 ppm) have been applied and 7 days later after this application began to be watered with 3 different irrigation water comprising a mixture of various doses of heavy metals (control: 0 ppm; I. Mixture: 0.2 ppm 5 ppm to 0.01 ppm Cd + Cu + Pb + 2 ppm Zn, II. mixture: +0.02 ppm 0.4 ppm Cu 10 ppm Pb + Cd + 4 ppm Zn). Field capacity level for the plants 40 days after quenched with water after which time they were harvested and samples for analysis were performed. In the study plants were investigated for shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root length, leaf area, chlorophyll and MDA level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities All genotypes are adversely affected by heavy metal applications. In parallel to increase the dose, heavy metal mixtures led to a reduction in values of fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, stem and root length, leaf area of eggplant genotypes. MDA and antioxidative enzyme activities increased in plants irrigated with water containing a mixture of heavy metal. Humic acid applications had a positive effect on reducing of the limiting effect of heavy metal stress on growth and development. As a result, compared to sensitive genotypes Giresun and Kemer, salt tolerant genotypes Burdur Merkez and Burdur Bucak showed much better resistance to abiotic stress factor which consists of heavy metal applications. The obtained results; formed also an opinion about that plants evolved similar strategies for resistance to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and heavy metal stress.

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