Birey-Çevre Uyumu: Çalışanların Örgüt Uyumlarının Yaşama İlişkin Doyum ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetiyle İlişkisi

Çalışanların çevreleriyle uyum içinde olduklarına inanmaları iş doyumu, örgüte bağlılık, performans, işten ayrılma gibi işle ilgili özelliklerle ilişkilidir. Birey-çevre uyumu çalışmaları uzun yıllardır literatürde önemli bir yer tutması- na rağmen, çalışanların iyi oluş halleriyle ilişkisi çok fazla ilgi çeken bir konu olmamıştır. Bu çalışmada iyi oluş halinin önemli bir göstergesi kabul edilen yaşam doyumu, birey-örgüt uyumu ve işten ayrılma niyetiyle ilişkisi açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya % 48i kadın ve % 52si erkek olmak üzere 283 çalışan katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 30.9dur. Sözü edilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla oluşturulan model ve alternatif modeller yapısal eşitlik modeli ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları birey-örgüt uyumunun yaşam doyumu ve işyerinden ayrılma niyetiyle ilişkili olduğunu ve yaşam doyumunun da işyerinden ayrılma niyetiyle ilişkili olduğunu öneren modelin en iyi uyum sağlayan model olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna göre çalışan bireylerin, çalıştıkları örgütlerle aralarında bir uyum olduğunu düşünmeleri iş doyumu ya da işten ayrılma niyeti gibi tutumlarının yanı sıra genel yaşam doyumları hakkındaki düşünceleriyle de ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma ile daha önce birey-çevre uyumu araştırmalarında ele alınmayan yaşam doyumu kavramının önemi vurgulanmış ve sonuçlar ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Person-Environment Fit: Relationship between Person-Organization Fit, Life Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions

Belif about having fit with ones environment at the workplace is related to variables such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, performance and turnover. Although person-environment fit has been studies in organizational studies for decades, its relation to employee well being has not been attracted much attention. In this study one of the important indicators of well being life satisfaction has been evaluated with its relation to person-organization fit and turnover intentions. Participants were 283 employees whom 48 % were female and 52 % were male. Mean age of the participants was 30.9. The proposed model and the alternative models including three indicated variables have been tested by using structural equation modeling. Results showed that the model in which person-organization fit is related to life satisfaction and turnover intentions, and life satisfaction is related to turnover intentions was given the best fit to the data. According to this, perceptions about fit with the organization was not only related to attitudes of the employees such as job satisfaction or turnover intentions, but also it was significantly related to employees general belief about their life satisfaction. This study highlighted the importance of life satisfaction which has not been examined in the previous studies of person-environment fit and the results were discussed by using relevant literature.

PDF

___

Andrews, F. M. ve Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: Americas perception of life quality. New York: Plenum Press.
Arthur, Jr. W., Bell, S., Villado, A. J. ve Doverspike, D. (2006). The use of person-organization fit in employment decision making: An assessment of its criterion-related validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 786-801.
Borman, W. C. (1991). Job behavior, performance, and effectiveness. M. D. Dunnette ve L. M. Hough, (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology içinde (271-326). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Bowling, N. A., Eschleman, K. J. ve Wang, Q. (2010). A metaanalytic examination of the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 915-934,
Bowling, N. A. ve Hammond, G. D. (2008). A meta-analytic examination of the construct validity of the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 63-77.
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cable, D. M. ve DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875-884.
Cable, D. M. ve Edwards, J. R. (2004). Complementary and supplementary fit: A theoretical and empirical integration. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 822-834.
Cable, D. M. ve Judge, T. A. (1996). Person-organization fit, job-choice decisions, and organizational entry. Organizational Decisions and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 294-311.
Caldwell, D. F. ve OReilly, C. A., (1990). Measuring personjob fit with a profile comparison process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 648-657.
Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D. ve Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan organizational assessment questionnaire. Yayınlanmamış araştırma, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan.
Chacko, T. I. (1983). Job and life satisfactions: A casual analysis of their relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 26(1), 163-169.
Compton, W. C., Smith, M. L., Cornish, K. A. ve Qualls, D. L.(1996). Factor structure of mental health measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 406- 413.
Dawis, R. V. ve Lofquist, L. H. (1984). A psychological theory of work adjustment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Dick, R.V ., Christ, O., Stellmacher, J., Wagner, U., Ahlswede, O., Grubba, C., Tissington, P. A. (2004). Should i stay or should i go? Explaining turnover intentions with organizational identification and job satisfaction. British Journal of Management, 15, 351-360.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E. ve Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 68, 653-663.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E. ve Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Donaldson, S. I., Grant-Vallone, E. J. (2002). Understanding self-report bias in organizational behavior research. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, 245-260.
Donaldson, S. I., Thomas, C. W., Graham, J. W., Au, J. ve Hansen, W. B. (2000). Verifying drug prevention program effects using reciprocal best frience reports. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 221-234.
Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M. ve Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 239-263
Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M. ve Mansfield, L. (2012). Whistle while you work: A review of the life satisfaction literature. Journal of Management, 38, 1038- 1083.
Fujita, F., Diener, E. ve Sandvik, E. (1991). Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: The case for emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 427-434.
Gül, H., Oktay, E. ve Gökçe, E. (2008). İş tatmini, stres, örgütsel bağlılık, ,işten ayrılma niyeti ve performans arasındaki ilişkiler: Sağlık sektöründe bir uygulama. Akademik Bakış, 15, http://160112.datafon.net.tr/system/files/dergiler/9383/makaleler/15/arastirmax_4053_pp_1-11.pdf
Holland, J. L. (1964). Explorations of a theory of vocational choice. Moravia, NY: Chronicle Guidance Professional Services. Holland, J. L. (1985). Making vocational choices. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hom, P. W., Caranikas-Walker, F., Prussia, G. E. ve Griffeth, R. W. (1992). A meta-analytical structural equations analysis of a model of employees turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 890-909.
Judge, T. A. ve Watanabe, S. (1993). Another look at the job satisfaction life satisfaction relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 939-948.
Karakurum, M. (2005). The effects of person-organization fit on employee job satisfaction, performance and organizational commitment in a Turkish public organization. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, ODTÜ, Ankara.
Kirschenbaum, A. (1991). The corporate transfer: Origin and destination factors in the decision to change jobs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 38, 101-123.
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person-organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49, 1-49.
Lachterman, B. ve Meir, E. I. (2004). The impact of work setting congruence on well-being. Journal of Career Assesment, 12, 150-168.
Lance, C. E., Mallard, A. G. ve Michalos, A. C. (1995). Tests of the causal directions of global-life facet satisfaction relationships. Social Indicators Research, 34, 69-92.
Lauver, K. J. ve Kristof-Brown, A. (2001). Distinguishing between employees perceptions of person-job and personorganization fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 454- 470.
Lee, T. W. ve Mitchell, T. R. (1994). An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of Management Review, 19, 51-89.
Lee, T. W. ve Mowday, R. T. (1987). Voluntarily leaving an organization: An empirical investigation of Steers and Mowdays model of turnover. The Academy of Management Journal, 30, 721-743.
Lent, R. W. ve Brown, S. D. (2008). Social cognitive career theory and subjective well-being in the context of work. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 6-21.
Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Osborne, G. ve Hurling, G. (2009). Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 878-884.
Lofquist, L. H. ve Dawis, R. W. (1991). Essentials of personenvironment-correspondence counseling. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lovelace, K. ve Rosen, B. (1996). Differences in achieving person-organization fit among diverse groups of managers. Journal of Management, 22, 703-722.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. ve Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-855.
Manhardt, P. J. (1972). Job orientation of male and female college graduates in business. Personnel Psychology, 25, 361-368.
Mathieu, J. E. ve Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 108, 171-194.
McAllister, D. J. ve Bigley, G. A. (2002). Work context and the (re)definition of self: How organizational care influences organization- based self- esteem. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 894-904.
Meglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C. ve Adkins, C. L. (1989). A work values approach to corporate culture: A field test of the value congruence process and its relationship to individual outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 424- 432.
Meir, E. I. (1989). Integrative elaboration of the congruence theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 219-230.
Mobley, W. H., Griffeth, R. W., Hand, H. H. ve Meglino, B. M (1979). Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 493-522.
Moos, R. H. (1987). Person-environment congruence in work, school, and health care settings. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 231-247.
Muchinsky, P. M. ve Monahan, C. J. (1987). What is personenvironment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 268-277.
Near, J. P. ve Rechner, P. L. (1993). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: An historical view of differences among West European countries. Social Indicators Research, 29, 109-121.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2. baskı). New York: Mc-Graw Hill.
OReilly, C. A., Chatman, J. ve Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
Pervin, L. A. (1968). Performance and satisfaction as a function of individual-environment fit. Psychological Bulletin, 69, 56-68.
Rain, J. S., Lane, I. M. ve Steiner, D. D. (1991). A current look at the job satisfaction/life satisfaction relationship: Review and future considerations. Human Relations, 44, 287-307.
Repetti, R. L., Matthews, K. A. ve Waldron, I. (1989). Employment and womens health. American Psychologist, 44, 1394-1401.
Rice, R. W., Near, J. P. ve Hunt, R. G. (1980). The job satisfaction/life satisfaction relationship: A review of empirical research. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1(1), 37- 64
Saks, A. M. ve Ashforth, B. E. (1997). A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between job information sources, applicant perceptions of fit, and work outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 50, 395-426.
Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40, 437-453.
Shin, D. ve Johnson, D. (1978). Avowed happiness as an overall assesment of the quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 5, 475-492.
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes and consequences. California: Sage.
Spector, P. E. ve Jex, S. M. (1991). Relations of job stressors, job characteristics, and job analysis ratings to affective and health outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 46-53.
Steers, R. M. ve Mowday, R. T. (1981). Employee turnover and post-decision accommodation processes. L. L. Cummings ve B. M. Staw, (Ed.), Research in organizational behavior (Cilt: 3) içinde (235-281). Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press.
Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., Sullivan, B. A ve Lorentz, D. (2008). Understanding the search for meaning in life: Personality, cognitive style, and the dynamic between seeking and experiencing meaning. Journal of Personal-ity, 76, 199-228.
Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5. baskı). Boston: Pearson Education.
Tait, M., Padgett, M. Y. ve Baldwin, T. T. (1989). Job and life satisfaction: A review and reevaluation of the strength of the relationship and gender effects as a function of the date of the study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 502- 507.
Taşdan, M. (2008). Türkiyedeki kamu ve özel ilköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin bireysel değerleri ile okulun örgütsel değerleri arasındaki uyum düzeyi, iş doyumu ve algılanan sosyal destek ile ilişkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Tett, R. P. ve Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259-293.
Ton, M. N. ve Hansen, J. C. (2001). Using a person-environment fit framework to predict satisfaction and motivation in work and marital roles. Journal of Career Assessment, 9, 315-331.
Ulutaş, M. (2010). Birey-örgüt uyumu kuramı ve Dalaman havalimanı çalışanları üzerinde bir alan çalışması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
Uysal Irak, D. (2013). Measuring fit:Adaptation of person-environment fit items for use in Turkish culture. Yayınlanmamış çalışma.
Van-Harrison, R. (1978). Person-environment fit and job stress. C. Cooper ve R. Panye, (Ed.), Stress at work. New York: John Wiley.
Yetim, U. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personal projects. Social Indicators Research, 29, 277-289.
Yıldırımbulut, E. (2006). The effects of person-job fit, personorganization fit and social support on job stress: A study in call centers. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Wahn, J. C. (1998). Sex differences in the continuance component of organizational commitment. Group & Organization Management, 23, 256-266.
Warr, P. B. (2007). Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates.