Caner ÇAKI, Mehmet Ali GAZİ, Gül ÇAKI, Mehmet Ozan GÜLADA

Likbez Kampanyası Dönemindeki Propaganda Posterleri Üzerine Göstergebilimsel Bir İnceleme

1917 yılında gerçekleşen Ekim Devrimi’nden sonra Rusya’da iktidar, Vladimir Lenin liderliğindeki Bolşeviklerin eline geçmektedir. Ekim Devrimi’nden iki yıl sonra 26 Aralık 1919 tarihinde Lenin’in yönetiminde “Nüfus Arasında Cehaletin Ortadan Kaldırılması” (ликвида́ция безгра́мотности у населения) başlığında, Likbez (Ликбез) kısa adıyla Rusya’da okuryazarlık kampanyası başlatılmakta ve kampanyayla birlikte ülkede eğitim düzeyinin yükseltilmesine yönelik yoğun bir çaba sarf edilmektedir. Özellikle kampanya kapsamında kitap okumasının teşvik edilmesine ve kitlelerin okuma alışkanlığının gelişmesine yönelik propaganda faaliyetleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu aşamada dönemin önde gelen kitle iletişim araçlarından biri olan propaganda posterlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Çalışmada Lenin döneminde başlatılan Likbez’de kitlelerin kitap okumasının teşvik edilmesi sürecinde propaganda posterlerinden ne şekilde yaralanıldığının ve hangi mesajların verildiğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada kota örneklemi kullanılarak belirlenen 9 propaganda posteri, Rus dilbilimci Roman Jakobson’un göstergebilim kavramları ışığında analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgularda kitap okuyan insanların mutlu ve huzurlu bir yaşama sahip olacağına yönelik algıların oluşturulmaya çalışıldığı, diğer yandan kitap okumanın Komünizm ideolojisiyle yakınlaşmanın bir yolu olarak sunulduğu ortaya çıkarılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Okuryazarlık, kıta, komünizm, rusya, propaganda

The Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin came to power in Russia passes after the October Revolution in 1917. A literacy campaign was launched in Russia under the title of "Elimination of Ignorance Among the Population" (ликвида́ция безгра́мотности у населения), with the short name Likbez (Ликбез) and with the campaign, an intense effort was made to raise the level of education in the country under the leadership of Lenin on December 26, 1919, two years after the October Revolution. Especially within the scope of the campaign, propaganda activities were carried out to encourage reading books and to develop the reading habits of the masses. At this stage, propaganda posters, one of the leading mass media tools of the period, were used. In the study, it was aimed to reveal how the propaganda posters were used and what messages were given in the process of encouraging the masses to read books in Likbez, which was initiated during the Lenin period. For this purpose, 9 propaganda posters determined by using quota sampling were analyzed in the light of the semiotics concepts of the Russian linguist Roman Jakobson. In the findings of the study, it was revealed that the perceptions that people who read books would have a happy and peaceful life were tried to be formed, on the other hand, reading was presented as a way of getting closer to the Communism ideology.

Keywords:

Literacy, boko, communism, russia, propaganda,

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