Deniz KANTAR, Betül DANIŞMAN, Nevreste Didem SONBAY YILMAZ

Postnatal tiamin eksikliğinin yetişkinlik döneminde merkezi işitsel işlemlemeye etkisi

Amaç: Gelişim döneminde tiamin eksikliği (TD) gelişmiş ülkelerde çok nadir görülen bir durumdur, ancak bazı topluluklarda kötüleşen sosyoekonomik durum nedeniyle dünya çapında daha yaygın hale gelmiştir. Tiaminin beyinde özellikle gelişim döneminde birçok metabolik ve yapısal işlevi vardır. Doğum sonrası TD, beyinde uzun süreli etkilere neden olabilir. Kronik TD işitme kaybına neden olur, ancak doğum sonrası TD’nin yetişkinlikte merkezi işitsel işlemlere etkileri yeterince araştırılmamıştır. İşitsel uyarılmış potansiyellerin şiddet bağımlılığı (İUPŞB) merkezi serotonin aktivitesinin iyi bilinen bir belirtecidir. Çift-klik (ÇK) yanıtları ise glutamaterjik/GABAerjik ileti ile ilişkidir. İşitsel süreçlerin nöronal eşdeğerini yansıtan bu yanıtların ve altta yatan osilasyonların incelenmesi TD’ye bağlı işitsel değişimler hakkında önemli bilgiler sağlayacaktır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada sıçanlar aşağıdaki gibi iki gruba ayrıldı; Anneleri normal diyet ile beslenen grup (C), anneleri doğum sonrası tiamin yetersiz diyetle beslenen grup (TD). Yetişkinlik döneminde üç aylık sıçanlardan İUP ve ÇK yanıtları kaydedildi ve İUP’lerin ses şiddeti bağımlılığı, bileşenleri ve spektral değişiklikler analiz edilerek ağ değişiklikleri incelendi. Bulgular: En şiddetli iki uyaran için N1/P2 yanıtlarının TD grubunda C grubuna kıyasla önemli ölçüde arttığı bulundu. Buna paralel olarak TD grubunda daha yüksek İUPŞB değeri elde edildi. TD grubunda gama yanıtlarında anlamlı düzeyde zayıflama ve C grubuna göre artan teta/alfa yanıtları gözlendi. ÇK yanıtları için, TD grubunda ikinci uyarana daha yüksek N1 yanıtı ve daha düşük baskılama oranı tespit edildi. TD grubunda ikinci uyaranlara karşı teta yanıtlarının da eşzamanlı olarak arttığı gözlendi. Sonuç: Postnatal TD’nin işitsel ağ dinamiklerinde gözlenen uzun vadeli etkileri olan dejeneratif değişikliklere neden olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu etkilerin serotonerjik ve glutamaterjik/GABAerjik ileti değişimiyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Effect of postnatal thiamine deficiency on central auditory processing during adulthood

Objective: Thiamine deficiency (TD) during the developmental period is a very rare condition in the developed countries but it is becoming more frequent worldwide because of worsened socioeconomic status in some communities. Thiamine has many metabolic and structural functions in the brain especially in the developmental period. Postnatal TD may cause long-lasting effects in the brain. Chronic TD causes hearning deficit but the effects of postnatal TD to the central auditory processing during adulthood have not been investigated sufficiently. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) provides a well established marker of the central serotonin activity. Besides, paired-click responses (PRs) are associated with glutamatergic/GABAergic transmission. İnvestigating these responses and underlying oscillations that reflect the neuronal correlate of auditory processing provides important information about auditory changes due to TD condition. Methods: Rats were divided into two groups as follows; Control whose dams fed with normal diet (C), thiamine deficient whose dams fed with thiamine_deficient diet during postnatal period (TD). In adulthood, we recorded AEPs and PRs and analyzed LDAEP, components and spectral changes to unravel the network alterations. Results: The N1/P2 responses for two loadest stimulus were significantly increased in the TD group versus the C group. In parallel, higher LDAEP value was obtained in the TD group. As gamma level was significantly attenuated in the TD group, elevated theta/alpha response was observed in the TD group compared with the C group. For PRs, higher N1 response to second stimuli and lower suppression rate detected in the TD group. Concomitant increment of theta responses to second stimuli was observed in the TD group. Conclusion: Postnatal TD causes degenerative changes with long-term implications observed in auditory network dynamics which could be partly explained by altered serotonergic and glutamatergic/GABAergic transmission.

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