Mehmet DOĞANAY, Gökçen DİNÇ, Müjgan İZGÜR

Pet hayvanlardan insanlara bulaşan önemli bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar

Son yıllarda ülkemizde ve tüm dünyada ev hayvanları aile yaşamı içerisinde daha çok yer almaya başlamıştır. Daha önceleri kedi, köpek, kuş gibi hayvanlar daha sıklıkla sahiplenilirken, günümüzde pet hayvan yelpazesi oldukça genişlemiş olup bu hayvanların yanı sıra hamster, fare, sıçan, yılan, kertenkele, timsah gibi hayvanlar da tercih edilmeye başlanmıştır. Pet hayvanlar, bireylerin kendilerini psikolojik ve fizyolojik olarak daha iyi hissetmelerini sağlamaktadır. Evcil hayvan sahibi olanların olmayanlara göre daha düşük kan basıncına ve kolesterol düzeyine sahip oldukları, daha az ilaç kullandıkları, kalp hastalıklarına daha az yakalandıkları da belirtilmektedir. Ancak evde hayvan besleme alışkanlığı arttıkça insanların zoonotik hastalıklar ile karşı karşıya kalma riskleri de artmaktadır. Pet hayvanlardan insanlara bulaşabilen çok sayıda bakteriyel, viral, paraziter ve fungal enfeksiyon söz konusudur. Bu enfeksiyonlar çoğunlukla ısırık, çizik, solunum ya da sindirim yoluyla bulaşır. İnsanlarda ısırılmak ya da tırmalanmak suretiyle gelişen pastörelloz, bartonelloz ve çeşitli aerobik ya da anerobik bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar daha yaygın görülürken, kampilobakteriyoz, salmonelloz gibi gastrointestinal sistem enfeksiyonları; dermatofitozlar, uyuz gibi deri hastalıkları; psittakoz gibi solunum yolu hastalıkları ve toksoplazmoz, leyişmanyoz gibi multisistemik hastalıklar daha az görülmektedir. Küçük çocuklar, hamileler ve bağışıklığı baskılanmış bireyler bu enfeksiyonlara karşı daha fazla risk altındadırlar. Bu enfeksiyonlardan korunmada hayvan sahiplerinin hijyen kurallarına dikkat etmesi ve evde bakılacak hayvanların genel sağlık durumlarının kontrol edilmesi, gerekiyorsa aşılanmalarının sağlanması son derece önemlidir. Pet hayvanlar ve sahipleri için oldukça önemli olan fakat, çoğunlukla ihmal edilen zoonotik enfeksiyonlar konusunda farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla hazırlanan bu derlemede kedi, köpek, kuş, balık gibi sıklıkla evlerde bakılan pet hayvanların yanı sıra tavşan, rodent, reptil, maymun gibi daha nadir olarak tercih edilen hayvanlardan da insanlara bulaşabilen bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar özetlenmiştir.

Important bacterial infections transmitted to humans from pet animals

In recent years, pets have started to be morecommonly in family life, in our country and also allover the world. Previously, animals such as cats, dogs,birds have been ownered more frequently, but todaypet range increased remarkably and the animals likehamsters, mice, rats, snakes, lizards, alligators havestarted to been preferred. Pet animals provide peoplefeel better as psychological and physiological. It ismentioned that pet owners have lower blood pressureand cholesterol levels with a less level of drugusage and less incidence of heart disease than nonowners.However caring animals at home increasesthe risk of people being confronted with zoonoticdiseases. It is concerned that a high number ofbacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections can betransmitted from animals to humans. These infectionsoften transmitted through by the way of bite,scratch, respiratory or digestive sistem. In humans,pasteurellosis, bartonellosis and various aerobic oranaerobic bacterial infections developed by bitingor scratching are more common. Gastrointestinaltract infections (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis),skin diseases (dermatophytosis, scabies), respiratorydiseases (psittacosis) and multisystem diseases(toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis) are less common. Youngchildren, pregnant women and immunocompromisedpeople have higher risk of these infections. For theprevention of these infections, pet owners have to pay attention to hygiene rules and general healthstatus of the animals which will be cared at home,should be checked. If necessary, ensuring vaccinationis extremely important. In this study, it was aimedto review zoonotic diseases most neglected butcan be very important for pets and their owners.Also, bacterial infections that can be transmittedfrom rarely preferred animals like rabbits, rodents,reptiles, monkeys as well as cats, dogs, birds, fishesare summarized.

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