İlker BÜYÜK, Sümer ARAS, Demet CANSARAN-DUMAN, Begüm DEMİRALP

Lakkaz enziminin endüstriyel ve biyoteknoloji alanında kullanımı

Çevre kirliliği kentsel yaşamın başlamasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkmış ve endüstriyel gelişmeler sonucu artış göstermiştir. Hızla artan endüstriyel faaliyetler ve bunun sonucu olarak fabrikaların çevreye bırakmış olduğu atıklar ile toksik kimyasal salınımı insan sağlığını olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Lakkaz enzimi oldukça geniş bir çeşitlilikteki substratları oksitleyebilme özelliğinden dolayı son zamanlarda bu enzimlerin farklı endüstriyel alanlarda kullanılmalarına yol açmıştır. Lakkaz enzimi, gıdaların veya meşrubatların görünüm renklerinin artırılması, kağıt ve kağıt hamurundaki ligninin ayrıştırılması ve kağıt hamurundan uzaklaştırılması, tekstil endüstrisinde boyar madde olarak kullanımı, tekstil ürünlerinin ağartılması, kot yıkama, çeşitli kaynatma işlemleri, tekstil atık sularının biyolojik parçalanması ve renksizleştirilmesinde kullanımı, biyoremidasyon ve kozmetik gibi farklı endüstriyel ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalarda biyokatalizör olarak kullanılmaktadır. Lakkaz enzimleri başta fungus türleri olmak üzere çeşitli organizmalardan elde edilmektedir. Günümüz koşullarında lakkaz enzimi endüstriyel alanlarda kullanım için ucuz ve kolay elde edilememektedir. Özellikle endüstriyel alanlarda kirlenmiş bölgelerin biyogiderimi için fazla miktarlarda lakkaz enzimi üretimi gerekmektedir. Lakkaz üreten en etkili kaynağı bulmak için en uygun fungal türünü seçmek, yeniden üretilebilir ve pahalı olmayan izolasyon yöntemlerini bulmak ya da enzim üretim koşullarını optimize etmek gerekmektedir.

Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccase enzyme

Environmental pollution had emerged by thebeginning of urban life and increased parallel to theindustrial development. Rapidly increasing industrialactivities, dumping of the wastes to the environmentby the factories and releasing of the toxic chemicalshave adverse impact on human health. Due totheir ability to oxidise a wide range of substrates,which makes laccases very useful biocatalystsfor their application to different industrial andbiotechnological areas in recent years. Laccaseenzyme is used in enhancing appearance color ofthe foods and drinks, in seperating lignin from paperand paper pulp and removing lignin from paperpulp, in textile industry as a colourant, bleachingof textile products, denim washing, various boilingprocesses, biological degradation and discolorationof textile waste waters, in different industries suchas bioremediation and cosmetic industries and inbiotechnology applications as biocatalyst. Laccaseenzymes are obtained mainly from fungi and varioustypes of organisms. In today's conditions laccaseenzyme are not obtained cheaply and easily for usein the industrial field. Surplus amount of laccaseenzyme production is required for the bioremovalof the contaminated zones especially in industrialareas. To find the most effective laccase-producingsource, it is required to choose the most appropriatefungal type, to find out the regenerative andinexpensive isolation methods or to optimize theenzyme production conditions.

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