Ekrem ŞENTÜRK, Ertuğrul YOLDAŞ, Yeşim DOĞAN

Hemotoraks tedavisi:192 olgunun değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Değişik nedenlere bağlı olarak hemotoraks gelişen hastalarda uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımları ve izlem bulguları değerlendirildi.Çalışma planı: 2006-2008 yılları arasında hemotoraks tanısıyla tedavi edilen 192 hasta (153 erkek, 39 kadın; ort. yaş 49±14) geriye dönük olarak incelendi.Bulgular: Hemotoraksın en sık nedeni travma (n=166, %86.5) idi. On yedi hastada (%8.9) hemotoraks primer ya da metastatik akciğer malignitelerine bağlı olarak gelişmişti. Dört olguda (%2.1) hemotoraks iyatrojenik nedenli idi. İki olguda (%1) tüberküloz, bir olguda büllöz akciğer perforasyonu, bir olguda da akciğer hidatik kisti komplikasyonu hemotoraksa neden olmuştu. En çok görülen travma (%50.6) trafik kazaları idi; bunu kesici-delici alet yaralanmaları (%14.5), düşme (%12.7) ve hayvan kazaları (%7.2) izlemekteydi. Travmatik hemotorakslı olguların %48.8'inde eşlik eden yaralanma saptandı. En sık görülen ek yaralanma batın yaralanmaları (%18.7) idi. Akciğer malignitesi olan iki olguda, tüberkülozlu iki olguda ve iyatrojenik nedenli bir olguda olmak üzere beş olguda (%2.6) torasentez ile drenaj sağlandı. Yüz altmış üç olguya (%84.9) sadece tüp torakostomi uygulandı. Yirmi dört olguya (%12.5) torakotomi uygulandı; bunların altısında acil torakotomi gerekti. Torakotomi sırasında dokuz olguda parenkimal laserasyon, altı olguda interkostal vasküler yaralanma, üç olguda diyafram yaralanması saptandı. Konservatif yaklaşımlar 163 olguda (%84.9) yeterli sonuç verdi. Hastanede kalış süresi ortalama 9.4 gün idi. Mortalite yedi olguda (%3.7) görüldü.Sonuç: Hemotoraks tanısı hızla konulması gereken acil bir durumdur. Nedenin bilinmesi tanıda oldukça yardımcıdır. Tedavi yaklaşımı yaşamsal göstergelere göre hızla ve öncelikle tüp torakostomi uygulaması olmalıdır. Acil torakotomi ve video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi konservatif tedavinin yeterli olmadığı durumlarda uygulanmalıdır.

Management of hemothorax: An evaluation of 192 cases

Background: We evaluated treatment approaches to and follow-up findings of patients with hemothorax of various etiologies.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 192 patients (153 males, 39 females; mean age 49±14 years) who received treatment for hemothorax between 2006 and 2008.Results: The most common etiology of hemothorax was trauma (n=166, 86.5%). Hemothorax was due to primary or metastatic lung malignancies in 17 patients (8.9%), to iatrogenic causes in four patients (2.1%), and to complications caused by tuberculosis in two patients (1%), pulmonary hydatid cyst in one patient, and lung perforation from bullous disease in one patient. The most common traumatic cause was traffic accidents (50.6%), followed by penetrating injuries (14.5%, falls (12.7%), and animal-induced injuries (7.2%). Traumatic hemothorax was associated with accompanying injuries in 48.8%, the most common being abdominal injuries in 18.7%. Thoracentesis was performed in five patients (2.6%), two with tuberculosis, two with lung malignancies, and one with iatrogenic hemothorax. Tube thoracostomy was effective in 163 patients (84.9%). Thoracotomy was performed in 24 patients (12.5), of which six required an emergency thoracotomy. During thoracotomy, parenchymal laceration was observed in nine patients, intercostal vascular injury in six patients, and diaphragmatic injury in three patients. The conservative approach was sufficient to resolve hemothorax in 163 patients (84.9%). The mean hospital stay was 9.4 days. Mortality occurred in seven patients (3.7%).Conclusion: Hemothorax is an emergency situation that requires rapid diagnosis. Identification of its cause facilitates the diagnosis. The first therapeutic attempt must be immediate tube thoracostomy. In cases in which conservative treatment fails, thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery are warranted.

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