Mine Kaya, Erkan Pehlivan, İsmet Aydoğdu, Metin Genç, Gülsen Güneş, Emin Kaya, İrfan Kuku

Malatya İl Merkezinde Farklı Sosyoekonomik Düzeydeki İki İlköğretim Okulunda Demir Eksikliği Anemisi Yaygınlığı

Demir eksikliği dünyadaki en yaygın beslenme bozukluğudur. Malatya kent merkezinin farklı sosyoekonomik koşullara sahip iki bölgesindeki ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerinde demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) yaygınlığının ve ilişkili sosyal ve beslenme faktörlerinin saptanması amacıyla hematokrit ölçümü ve periferik kan yayması kullanılarak değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, Gazi (GİO) ve Hanımınçiftliği İlköğretim Okulu'ndan (HÇİO) toplam 1633 öğrenci alınmıştır. DEA yaygınlığı GİO'da %4.2, HÇİO'da %13.8 bulunmuştur (p<0.001). GİO'da anemi yaygınlığı ile yaş grubu, annenin eğitim düzeyi, sağlık güvencesi durumu ve süt tüketimi arasında anlamlı farklılık varken, HÇİO'da yalnızca yaş grubu açısından farklılık saptanmıştır. 11-18 yaş grubundaki öğrenciler 10 yaş ve altında olanlara göre 2.74 kat daha yüksek DEA riski taşımaktadır. DEA riski annenin eğitim düzeyi düşüklüğü ile artmaktadır (OR=2.99). Aile geliri düşük olan öğrenciler yüksek gelirli olanlara göre 1.75 kat daha fazla DEA riski taşımaktadır. Hem kentsel hem de kırsal alanda anne ve genç ergenlere yönelik geniş kapsamlı beslenme eğitimi programlarına gereksinim vardır. Bu programlar sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıkları geliştirmeye odaklanmalıdır. Anemi ve diğer beslenme bozukluklarının önlenmesi ve tedavisi için sosyoekonomik koşulların iyileştirilmesi en önemli etmenlerden biridir. Anahtar kelimeler: Demir eksikliği anemisi, Çocuk, Sosyoekonomik koşullar, Beslenme, İlkokul.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Demir eksikliği anemisi, Çocuk, Sosyoekonomik koşullar, Beslenme, İlkokul.

Iron Deficiency Anaemia Among Students of Two Primary Schools at Different Socioeconomic Conditions in Malatya, Turkey+

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and associated social and nutritional factors, two primary school students from different socioeconomic status in Malatya province center, in Turkey, were evaluated by using hematocrit and peripheral blood smears. Total of 1633 students of two primary schools -Haniminciftligi and Gazi Primary Schools- were studied. Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was 4.2 % among the students of the urban school and 13.8 % among the students of the shunty town school (p<0.001). For the urban school students, there was a statistically significant difference among anaemia and age group, maternal education, health insurance and milk consumption. For the shunty town school students, only statistical significance was established between anaemia and age group. These students in the age group 11-18 years showed 2.74 times higher estimated risk of IDA compared to the ones 10 years of age or less. The estimated risk of IDA increased significantly with low levels of maternal education (O.R=2.99). Students with low family income had a 1.75 times greater risk of IDA than those with high family income. The wide-scale nutrition education should target mothers and young adolescents in shunty town and rural areas. These education programmes should focus on good eating habits. We suggest that an important factor for preventing and treating anaemia and other nutritional diseases is improving the socieconomic status. Key words: Iron deficiency anaemia, Children, Socioeconomic status, Nutrition, Primary school.

Keywords:

Iron deficiency anaemia, Children, Socioeconomic status, Nutrition, Primary school.,

PDF

___

WHO (2003) Battling iron deficiency anaemia. Micronutrient deficiencies, Nutrition. Available at: www.who.int/nut/ida.htm, accessed: February 14, 2003.Anjali Devi, C. (2000) Iron nutrition status assessment. Nutr. Res., 20, 445-8.
United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations University, World Health Organization. Iron deficiency anaemia: Assessment, prevention and control. World Health Organization 2001; pp.15-20.
El-Sahn F, Salam S, Mandil A, Galal O. Anemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants. East Mediterr Health J 2000; 6: 1017-25.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services. Recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United States. MMWR 1998; 47: 6-23.
Verster A., Van der Pols J.C. Anemia in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 1995; 1: 64-79.
Zlotkin S. Clinical nutrition: 8. The role of nutrition in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants, children and adolescents. Can Med Assoc J 2003; 168: 59- 63.
Gordon N. Iron deficiency and the intellect. Brain Dev 2003; 25: 3-8.
Schwartz E. Iron deficiency anemia. In: Behrman R.E., Kliegman R.M., Jenson H.B. editors. 16th ed. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: W.B. Saunders Company; 2000: 1469-71.
Guesry Guesry P. The role of nutrition in brain development. Prev Med 1998; 27: 189-94.
Kodyat et al. Kodyat B, Kosen S, de Pee S. Iron deficiency in Indenosia: Current situation and intervention. Nutr Res 1998; 18: 1953-63.
Celkan T, Gür E, Can G, Yıldız I. Anemic or not? Turk J Pediatr 2003; 45: 329-34.
Hallberg L. Iron absorption and iron deficiency. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 259-78.
Kocak R, Alparslan ZN, Agridag G, Baslamisli F, Aksungur PD, Koltas S. The frequency of anaemia, iron deficiency, hemoglobin S and beta thalassemia in the south of Turkey. Eur J Epidemiol 1995; 11: 181-4.
Sapçı H, Koçoğlu G, Sümer H. Tokat’ın Almus ilçesinde ilkokul cocuklarında anemi sıklığı ve bunu etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir araştırma (Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among primary school students in Almus, Tokat). Cumhuriyet Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi 1999; 21: 141-4.
Anjali Devi C. Iron nutrition status assessment. Nutr Res 2000; 20: 445-8.
Kosen S, Herman S, Schultink W. An overview of studies on iron deficiency in Indonesia. Nutr Res 1998; 18: 1935-41.
Mashauri FM, Lwambo NJS, Siza JEM, Gabone RM, Temu MM, Mwanga JR. Geohelmint infections and anemia in school children in Sengerema district North- Western Tanzania. Oral Sessions/Parasitology International 1998; 47 (suppl): 178.
Sichieri R, Mathias T, Moura AS. Stunting, high weight-for-height, anemia and dietary intake among Brazilian students from a rural community. Nutr Res 1996; 16: 201-9.
Curtale F, Abdel-Fattah M, El-Shazly M, Youssef Shamy M, El-Sahn F. Anemia among yuong male workers in Alexandria, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2000; 6: 1005- 16.
Kılıç B, Tekin İO, Akca R, Küçükbozbey E, Oflaz I, Ozdemir E, et al. Ortaokul ogrencilerinde demir eksikligi anemisi prevalansi (Iron deficiency anaemia prevalence among primary school students). 4. National Public Health Congress Abstract Book, 1994:, pp. 395-8.
De Almedia CAN, Crott GC, Ricco RG, Del Ciampo LA, Dutra-de-Oliveira JE, Cantolini A. Control of iron-deficiency anaemia in Brazilian preschool children using iron-fortified orange juice. Nutr Res 2003; 23: 27-33.
Schultink W, Dillon D. Supplementation strategies to alleviate iron deficiency: Experiences from Indonesia. Nutr Res 1998; 18: 1943-52.
Jefferds MD. Concepts of iron deficiency anemia and public health measures in rural Costa Rica. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55:1143-56.
Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Dr. Mine Kaya
Inonu Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Lojmanlari
Blok, No: 7 Malatya-TURKEY
Tel : 422 3411100 (home), 422 323 2786 (business) Fax : 422 3410787
E-mail : kayamine70@yahoo.com