Sağlığı geliştirmenin tarihsel gelişimi ve örneklerle sağlığı geliştirme stratejileri

Sağlığı geliştirme, bireylerin sağlığını iyileştirmek için onların sağlıklarını etkileyen faktörler üzerinde kontrollerini arttırmayı sağlayan bir süreçtir. Bu nedenle sağlığı geliştirme stratejileri, hem bireylerin yetenek ve becerilerini geliştirmeye, hem de bireylerin ve toplumun sağlığını etkileyen sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik koşulları değiştirmeye odaklanır. Bireysel, kurumsal ve toplumsal güçlendirmeyi içeren güçlendirme yaklaşımı sağlığı geliştirme uygulamalarını yönlendiren anahtar yaklaşımdır. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde sağlığı geliştirme stratejilerinin beş alanı kapsadığı görülmektedir. Bunlar; 1- Bireysel güçlendirme (sağlık eğitimi, sağlık okur-yazarlığı), 2-Toplumu güçlendirme, 3-Sağlık sistemini güçlendirme, 4- Sağlıklı toplum politikaları inşa etmek için sektörler arası işbirliği, 5-Sağlığı geliştirmede kapasiteyi arttırmadır. Bu çalışmada her bir sağlığı geliştirme stratejisi örneklerle açıklanmıştır.

[The history and strategies based on the samples of health promotion]

Health promotion in the process of enabling people to increase control over, the determinants of their health and thereby improve their health. Health promotion represents a comprehensive process, it not only embraces actions directed at strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals, but also action directed towards changing social, environmental and economic conditions so as to alleviate their impact on public and individual health. Empowerment approaches including psychological empowerment of individuals, organizational empowerment and community empowerment are a key to reframing health promotion activities. Studies have examined five areas of health promotion strategies are covered. These are: 1-Individual empowerment (health education, health literacy), 2-Community empowerment, 3-Health system strengthening, 4 - inter-sectoral cooperation in order to build a healthy community policies, 5- Enhancing the capacity of health promotion. In this study, every strategy of health promotion was explained based on the interventions.

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