James O BAMİDELE, Esther OA OLARİNMOYE, Folake O OLAJİDE, Olugbemiga L ABODUNRİN

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of under-Weight and PreObesity among in-School Adolescents in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria

AMAÇ: Adölesan obezitesi dünyanın bu bölgesinde hafife alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte hem gelişmiş, hem gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kilo fazlalığı ve obezite trendinde küresel bir değişim bulunmaktadır. Yetersiz beslenme halen daha gelişmekte olan ülkelerde görülmektedir ve kötü sağlık nedeni olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma güney batı Nijerya, Olorunda Yerel Yönetimi alanındaki okul çocuklarında düşük ağırlık ve preobezite prevalansı ve sosyoekonomik belirleyicilerini incelemektedir. YÖNTEM: Kesitsel tipteki çalışmada, Nijerya Osun Eyaleti, Olorunda Yerel Yönetimi bölgesinde, önceden test edilmiş, yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanılmıştır. Bölgedeki yirmibeş ortaokuldan 10 tanesi rastlantısal olarak seçilmiştir. Çok aşamalı örnekleme tekniği ile 10 okuldan 497 katılımcı seçildi. Beslenme durumunu değerlendirmede antropometrik yöntem kullanıldı, beden kitle indeksi hesaplandı ve veriler SPSS for Windows V. 11.0 ile analiz edildi. Tek değişkenli ve iki değişkenli analizler yapıldı, istatistiksel anlamlılık kesim noktası 0.05 kabul edildi. SONUÇ: Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu 15-19 yaşlarında idi (%60.5) ve erkek/kadın oranı 1.1 idi. Katılımcıların hiç biri obez değilken %3.8'i kilolu ve %41.3'ü düşük ağırlıkta idi. Katılımcıların ortalama ağırlık, boy ve beden kitle indeksleri sırasıyla, 46.52±10.24 kg., 1.54±0.10 m. ve 19.33±2.90 olarak bulundu. Cinsiyetlere göre erkek ve kadınlarda kiloluluk sırasıyla %1.2 ve %6.8 idi. Kiloluluk ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkili sosyodemografik faktörler kadın cinsiyet, ebeveyn çalışma durumu, annenin yüksek eğitimli olması, ilk çocuk olma ve her iki ebeveynin yaşıyor olması idi (p< 0.05). Bunu yanı sıra erkek çocuk olmak, koruyucu yanında yaşıyor olmak ve yüksek doğum sırası (üçüncü ve sonraki çocuklar) düşük ağırlıklılık ile ilişkili idi (p< 0.05). TARTIŞMA: Yetersiz beslenme adölesanlıktaki önemli beslenme sorunlarının ön göstergesidir. Preobezite/kiloluluk okul çağı çocuklarda obezite sorunu görülmeyen çevremizde önemli bir beslenme sorununun göstergesi olabilir. Araştırmacılar bu süreci izlemelidir. Çeşitli düzeylerdeki okullardaki beslenme eğitimi fazla beslenme kadar yetersiz beslenmeyi de hedeflemelidir

Olorunda Yerel Yönetimi Alanındaki Okul Çocuklarında Düşük Ağırlık ve Preobezite Prevalansı ve Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri, Osun Eyaleti, Nijerya

AIM: Adolescent obesity is under-estimated in this part of the world. However, there is a global change in the trend of over-weight and obesity in both developed and developing countries. Under-nutrition is still prevalent in developing countries and continues to be a primary cause of poor health. Childhood and adolescent stunting adversely affects the health of adults. The study determined the prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of under-weight and pre-obesity among in-school adolescents in a Local Government Area south west of Nigeria. METHOD: A cross-sectional study using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was carried out in Olorunda Local government area in Osun State, Nigeria. Ten out of 25 secondary schools in the Local Government Area were selected using simple random. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 497 respondents from the ten schools. Anthropometric method was used to assess the nutritional status, body mass index was calculated and data was analyzed with SPSS version 11. Univariate and bivariate analysis were done and level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Majority of the respondents were between ages 15 and 19 years (60.5%), male to female ratio was 1.1:1.0. None of the study participants was obese while 3.8% of them were pre-obese and 41.3% of them were underweight. The mean weight, height and Body Mass Index of respondents are 46.52 ± 10.24kg, 1.54 ± 0.10m and 19.33 ± 2.90 respectively. Within the gender distribution of the respondents, 1.2% and 6.8% were pre-obese among the males and females respectively. Socio-demographic factors found to be statistically significantly associated with pre-obesity were female gender, parents employment status, higher educational level of mothers, being a first born child, and living with both parents (p< 0.05). While being a male child, living with guardian and of a higher birth order (third born child and above) are statistically significant associated with under-weight (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Under-nutrition remains a major nutritional problem in adolescents; pre-obesity/over-weight is becoming an identifiable emerging nutritional problem while obesity is seemingly not a problem yet in adolescent school-aged children in this environment. Researchers should monitor the trend. Nutrition education in various schools should target under-nutrition as well as over-nutrition

PDF

___

1 Mukhopadhyay A, Bhadra M, Bose K. Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents of Kolkata, West Bengal. Kamla-Raj. J. Hum. Ecol. 2005; 18(3): 213-216.
2 Moreno LA, Sarría A, Fleta J, Rodríguez G, Bueno M. Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragón (Spain) from 1985 to 1995. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24: 925-931.
3 Lissau I. Childhood obesity epidemic: answer from EU countries. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 28: S10–S15.
4 Tresaco B, Bueno G, Moreno LA, Garagorri JM, Bueno M. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents. J Physiol Biochem. 2003; 59: 217- 223.
5 Goran MI. Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: a decade of progress. 1990- 1999. Am J clin Nutr. 2001; 73: 158-171.
6 Arteburn D. Morbidly Obese Patients pay twice as much for hospital bills. Science Daily. Retrieved on June 29,2009 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/release/2005/02/05 0213191756.htm [Accessed Date: 22.07.2009].
7 Hughes D, McGuire A. A review of the economic analysis of obesity. Br Med Bull. 1997; 53: 253-263.
8 Sorensen TIA, Holst C, Stunkard AJ. Adoption study of environmental modifications of genetic influences on obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 1998; 22(1): 73-81.
9 Whkitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe Ms, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 869-887.
10 Millicent Fleming-Moran. Television watching has been linked to Adolescent Obesity. Determinants of Adolescent Obesity in Africa. Accessed_at_http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/ normal/4211.html. [Accessed Date: 22.07.2009].
11 Sawaya AL, Martins PA, Grillo LP, Florencio TT. Long term effects of early malnutrition on body weight regulation. Nutr. Rev. 2004; (62): 127- 133.
12 Nandy SM, Irving D, Gordon SV. Poverty, child under-nutrition and morbidity: new evidence from Indian. Bull. World Health Organ. 2005; 83: 210-216.
13 Mason JB, Hunt J, Parker D, Johnson U. Investing in child nutrition in Asia. Asian Dev. Rev. 1999; 17: 1-32.
14 Olumakaiye MF. Prevalence of Underweight: A Matter of Concern among Adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2008; 7(3): 503-508.
15 Flynn MAT, McNeil DA, Maloff D, Mutasingwa M, Ford C, Tough SC. Reducing obesity and chronic disease risk in children and youth: a synthesis of evidence with best practice recommendations. Obesity reviews. 2006; 7: 7- 66.
16 Lev-Ran A. Human Obesity: an evolutionalry approach to understanding our bulging waistline. Diabetes metab. Res Rev. 2001; (17): 347-362.
17 World Health Organization: Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Technical Report Series No. 854. World Health Organization, Geneva, (1995).
18 Moreno LA, Pineda I, Rodríguez G, Fleta J, Sarría A, Bueno M. Waist circumference for the screening of the metabolic syndrome in children. Acta Paediatr. 2002; 91: 1307-1312.
19 Tresaco B, Bueno G, Moreno LA, Garagorri JM, Bueno M. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents. J Physiol Biochem. 2003; 59: 217- 223.
20 Park K. Parks Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine., India. 19th edition. Barnasidas Publishers, 2007, p. 333-334.
21 Mokhtar N, Elati J, Chabir R, et al. Diet Culture and Obesity in Northern Africa. The American society for nutritional Sciences, Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131: 887-892.
22 Moreno LA, Tomas C, Gonzalez-Gross M, Bueno G, Perez-Gonzalez JM, Bueno M. Microenvironmental and socio-demographic determinants of childhood obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 2004; (28): 16-20.