Meme kanseri taraması: Son yenilikler neler?

Mamografi, klinik meme muayenesi (KMM) ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi (KKMM) meme kanserinin erken tanısı için önerilen başlıca tarama yöntemleridir. Son yıllarda tarama yöntemlerine ilişkin önerilerde bazı değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Günümüzde batılı ülkelerde KKMM ve KMM, meme kanserinin erken tanısında rutin olarak önerilmemektedir. Mamografi ise, meme kanseri mortalitesini düşürmedeki önemli etkisinden dolayı, meme kanseri taramalarında önerilen bir yöntem olup, mamografi ile taramanın ne zaman yapılacağı konusundaki değişiklikler dikkati çekmektedir. 2010 yılı içinde önemli bir sağlık otoritesi olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Koruyucu Hizmetler Servisi (ABDKHS)- US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), mamografi taramasına ilişkin önerilerinde değişiklikler yapmıştır. Buna göre, mamografi pek çok sağlık otoritesi tarafından 40 yaşından itibaren çektirilmesi önerilir iken, ABDKHS’nin yeni önerilerinde, 40-49 yaş arasında ve 75 yaş ve üstünde önerilmemekte; 50-74 yaş arasında ise iki yılda bir kez çektirilmesi önerilmektedir. Meme sağlığı alanında çalışan sağlık profesyonellerinin meme kanseri tarama yöntemlerine ilişkin yeni önerileri bilmesi ve kadınları KKMM ve KMM yanı sıra, mamografinin yararı ve riskleri konusunda da bilgilendirmesi önemlidir. Bu yazıda meme kanseri tarama yöntemlerine ilişkin yeni önerileri kritik etmek amaçlanmıştır. Yazıda ayrıca, meme kanseri tarama yöntemleri arasında “altın bir standart” olarak kabul edilen mamografinin potansiyel yarar ve riskleri de kritik edilmiştir.

Breast cancer screening: What are the last changes?

Mammography, clinical breast-examination (CBE) and breast self-examination (BSE) are the mainly recommended screening methods for early diagnosis of breast cancer. In recent years, guidelines concerning screening methods were revised. To date, CBE and BSE are not routinely recommended for early diagnosis of breast cancer in western countries. Due to important value in decreasing breast cancer mortality rate, mammography, is the recommended breast cancer screening method; but the changes related with the time of mammography screening is rised to notice. In 2010, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) which is one of the important health authority, guidelines concerning screening mammography were revised. Accordingly, while the mammography that is recommended for women starting aged 40 years by many health authorities, the USPSTF no longer advises routine screening mammography for women aged 40–49 and for those aged ≥75.; and biennial screening is advised for those aged 50–74. It is necessary for health professionals working in breast health area to learn the last changes concerning about breast cancer screening methods. Together with CBE and BSE, it is also important to encourage women to participate mammography screening with an understanding of its benefits and risks. In this article, it is aimed to critique new guidelines about breast cancer screening methods. It is also critiqued the potential benefits and risks of mammography that is currently considered the ‘‘gold standard’’ for breast cancer screening for women.

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