Sibel CEVİZCİ, Ethem ERGİNÖZ, Zuhal BALTAŞ

İnsan sağlığının iyileştirilmesine yönelik hayvan destekli tedaviler

Hayvan Destekli Tedavi (HDT) veya Pet Terapi, insan ve hayvan etkileşiminden yararlanarak, fizyolojik ve psikolojik mekanizmaları harekete geçiren, metabolizmada sağlığı olumlu yönde geliştiren değişiklikleri başlatan yardımcı bir tedavidir. Bu etkileşim, son yıllarda insan sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen stres, depresyon, yalnızlık duygusu, yaygın gelişimsel bozukluklar gibi psikolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların tedavisi ile hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklar, kanser ve AIDS gibi kronik hastalıkların iyileştirilmesinde artarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, HDT’yi insan ve hayvan etkileşimini gözden geçirerek tanımlamak, geçmişten günümüze HDT’nin nasıl bilimsel bir zemine ulaştığını incelemek, riskler, kurumsal uygulamalar, etki mekanizmasına yön veren faktörler, uygulandığı bazı kronik hastalıklar ve sağlanan psikolojik ve fiziksel iyileşmeler hakkında bilgi vermektir. HDT, halk sağlığı uzmanı, hekim, psikolog, psikiyatrist, veteriner hekim ve bu uygulamaları izleyecek veteriner halk sağlığı uzmanları ile birlikte yürütüldüğü takdirde sonuçları daha doğru değerlendirilecektir. Özellikle kronik hastalıkları olan bireylerin yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla HDT’nin fiziksel, emosyonel ve oyun etki mekanizmalarının sağladığı psikosomatik etkiler kullanılabilir. Türkiye’de bu konuda yapılmış bir araştırma mevcut değildir. HDT’nin halk sağlığına yönelik olarak kullanılabilmesi için faydalarının doğru değerlendirilmesi ve hastalıklara uygun yöntemlerin seçilmesi önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, HDT’nin Türkiye’deki sağlık hizmeti sunucuları tarafından da yardımcı bir tedavi yöntemi olarak değerlendirilebileceği ve ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç olduğu açıktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hayvan destekli tedavi, Psikoterapi, Tarih

Animal-assisted therapy for ımproving human health

Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) or Pet Therapy is an adjunctive therapy by taking advantage of human and animal interaction, activate the physiological and psychological mechanisms, initiate positive changes improving health in metabolism. In recent years, this interaction are in use to treat psychological and psychiatric disorders such as stress, depression, loneliness, pervasive developmental disorders affect negatively to human health. Furthermore, AAT has been increasingly used to improve quality of life, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic illnesses such as cancer and AIDS. The aim of this paper is to identify AAT by reviewing human and animal interaction, evaluate how AAT has a scientific background from past to now. Also, we aim to give some information about the risks, institutional applications, some factors referring AAT’s mechanism of action and chronic diseases, psychological and physical improvements provided with animal assisted therapies. The therapy results will be evaluated more advisable providing AAT is being applied with public health specialist, veterinarian, physician, psychologist, psychiatrist and veterinary public health experts who are monitor applications. Especially, the psychosomatic effects result from physical, emotional and play mechanism of action of HDT can be used for improving quality of life in individuals with chronic diseases. In Turkey, there is no any investigation which have been performed in this scientific field. It is quitely important to evaluate the benefits of this therapy accurately and to select various methods proper to diseases. Consequently, it is obvious that AAT will be considered by the healthcare services as a supportive therapy process for improving human health in Turkey and needs further studies.

Keywords:

Animal Assisted Therapy, Psychotherapy, History,

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