Herkes için bilim; fruktoz ve insan metabolizması

Tip 2 diyabet, hipertansiyon, metabolik sendrom ve obesite gibi metabolik hastalıklar günümüzde toplumları yaygın olarak etkilemektedir. Çarpıcı şekilde değişen günlük yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının bu hastalıkların etyopatogenezindeki yeri iyi bilinmektedir. Bundan 100 yıl önce sadece meyve, bal gibi doğal ürünler vasıtası ile tükettiğimiz fruktoz (meyve şekeri), günümüzde neredeyse günlük enerji ihtiyacını karşıladığımız ana karbohidrat kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte fruktozun insan metabolizması tarafından çok iyi tanındığını söylemek zordur. Bu nedenle fazla tüketilmesinin yukarıda ifade edilen hastalıkların görülme sıklığına katkısı olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Science for everyone; fructose and human metabolism

Today, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity have been widely affecting the communities. Impressive changes in daily life-style and nutritional habits are well known factors in the etiopathogenesis of those diseases. Fructose (fruit sugar) that we were only able to consume via some natural products such as fruits and honey one century ago, today it has become nearly the main carbohydrate source of human daily energy need. However, it is hard to say that fructose is well known by human metabolism. Therefore, it is thought that elevated consumption ratio of fructose may have impact on the incidence of above-mentioned diseases.

PDF

___

1. Golden SH, Karen AR, Ian S, Blair A, Paul WL. Clinical review: Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States: a comprehensive review. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2009; 94(6): 1853-1878.
2. Korkmaz A, Topal T. Modern life and new diseases: metabolic syndrome. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2006; 5(4): 307-316.
3. Tuei VC. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2010; 26(6): 433-445.
4. Barquera S. Hypertension in Mexican adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Salud pública de México. 2010; 52: S63-71.
5. Escobedo J, Herman S, Beatriz C, Honorio S, Carlos PB, Raul V. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Latin America and its association with sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: the CARMELA cross sectional study. Cardiovascular diabetology. 2009; 8: 52.
6. Baillie K. Health implications of transition from a planned to a free-market economy--an overview. Obesity reviews: an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2008; 9: 146-150.
7. Bleich SN. Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes care. 2011.
8. Korkmaz A, Topal T. Fructose; a Hidden Threat for Chronic Diseases. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2008; 7(4): 343-346.
9. Woods SC. Central control of body weight and appetite. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2008; 93(11): S37-50.
10. Stanhope KL. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2009; 119(5): 1322-1334.
11. Dekker MJ. Fructose: a highly lipogenic nutrient implicated in insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and the metabolic syndrome. American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism. 2010; 299(5): E685-694.
12. Schaefer EJ. Dietary fructose and glucose differentially affect lipid and glucose homeostasis. The Journal of nutrition. 2009; 139(6): 1257S-1262S.
13. Wolf A. A short history of beverages and how our body treats them. Obesity reviews: an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2008; 9(2): 151-164.
14. Sturt J. Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Evidence-based nursing. 2011.
15. Malik VS. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2010; 33(11): 2477-2483.
16. Moran TH. Fructose and satiety. The Journal of nutrition. 2009; 139(6): 1253S-1256S.
17. Rizkalla SW. Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data. Nutrition & metabolism. 2010; 7: 82.
18. Stanhope KL, Peter JH. Fructose consumption: recent results and their potential implications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010; 1190: 15-24.
19. Tappy L, Kim-Anne L. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiological reviews. 2010; 90(1): 23-46.
20. Collison KS, Marya ZZ, Shazia NS, Khalid A-R, Mohammed S, Futwan AA-M. Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption correlates with BMI, waist circumference, and poor dietary choices in school children. BMC public health. 2010; 10(234).