Hemodiyalize giren son dönem böbrek yetmezlikli hastalarda öncelikli sorunlardan biri: Yaşam kalitesi

Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği, diyaliz veya böbrek transplantasyonu ile tedavi edilen kronik bir hastalıktır. Hemodiyaliz, Türkiye’de son dönem böbrek yetmezliğinde en sık kullanılan renal replasman tedavi yöntemidir. Bu tedavi yönteminde başlıca hedef, hastaların yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek, morbidite ve mortalite hızını azaltmaktır. Hastalık ve tedaviye bağlı gelişen fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal sorunlar, diyet ve sıvı alımının kısıtlanması hastaların yaşam kalitesini etkileyebilmektedir. Çalışmalar hemodiyalize giren son dönem böbrek yetmezlikli hastalarda yaşam kalitesinin diğer kronik hastalıkları olanlara göre daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle hemşirelerin son dönem böbrek yetmezliği tanısı ve tedavisinin her hastanın bireysel olarak yaşamında yarattığı etkilerin farkında olmaları önemlidir. Hastalığın kontrolüne yönelik etkin hemşirelik girişimleri, hastaların yaşam kalitesini geliştirebilir. Bu derlemede, hemodiyalize giren son dönem böbrek yetmezlikli hastalarda yaşam kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerle ilgili bilimsel veriler gözden geçirilerek, elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda bazı öneriler yapılmıştır.

[One of the priority issues in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing Hemodialysis: Quality of life]

End-stage renal failure is a chronic illness that is treated with either dialysis or renal transplantation. Hemodialysis is the most commonly used renal replacement therapy method in end-stage renal failure in Turkey. The main aim of in this treatment method is to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates and to increase the quality of life in patients. The patients’ quality of life may be affected because of the physical, psychological, and social problems, and dietary and fluid intake restrictions due to disease and treatment. Studies have shown that patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis have a lower quality of life than patients with other chronic diseases. Thus, it is important that nurses are aware of the impacts that the diagnosis and treatment of end-stage renal failure have on the lives of each individual patient. Effective nursing interventions for the control of disease can improve quality of life of patients. In this review, the scientific data regarding quality of life in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis and factors affecting were discussed. Besides, some recommendations were made given the findings obtained in the study.

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