Elif Yüzbaşıoğlu, Eda Dalyan, Ilgın Akpınar

Mısır (Zea mays L.) Fidelerinde Yüksek Sıcaklık Stresi Koşullarında Fotosentetik Pigmentler, Antosiyanin İçeriği ve Antioksidan Enzim Aktivitelerindeki Değişiklikler

Bu çalışmada, C4 tipi fotosentez yapan mısır bitkisinde giderek artan sıcaklığın etkilerinin çalışılması amaçlanmıştır. 20 günlük fideler 5 gün boyunca giderek artan (25/20, 30/25, 35/30, 40/35, 45/40°C 16/8 fotoperiyot) sıcaklık stresine maruz bırakılmıştır. Uygulanan ilk sıcaklık (25/20°C) kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Stress hasarı, malondialdehit (MDA), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), klorofil (a ve b), karotenoid ve antosiyanin içeriği ve fotosistem II’nin maksimum kuantum verimi (Fv/Fm) ile belirlenmiştir. MDA ve H2O2 seviyelerinin yüksek sıcaklıkta (35, 40, 45°C) önemli ölçüde arttığı bulunmuştur. Klorofil içeriğinin 35°C'de en yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir ancak 35°C sıcaklık ile karşılaştırıldığında 40 ve 45°C uygulanan sıcaklıklarda klorofil içeriğinde azalma belirlenmiştir. Fv/Fm 40 ve 45°C sıcaklık uygulamasında düşüş göstermektedir. Karotenoid ve antosiyanin içeriği yüksek sıcaklık stresi altında önemli ölçüde artmaktadır. Ayrıca, yüksek sıcaklık da (45°C) superoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), askorbat peroksidaz (APX) ve glutatyon reduktaz (GR) enzim aktiviteleri belirgin bir şekilde artış gösterirken, peroksidaz (POX) ve glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) enzim aktivitesinde değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Mısır fidelerinde 35°C’nin üzerinde bir sıcaklık uygulanması yüksek sıcaklık stresine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, mısır fidelerinde 35°C'nin üzerindeki sıcaklıkların fotosentez üzerinde stress etkisine yol açtığı ve enzimatik ve enzimatik olmayan antioksidan aktiviteyi teşvik ettiği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

mısır, Antioksidan enzimlar, antosiyanin, sıcaklık stresi

CHANGES IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS, ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) SEEDLINGS UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS CONDITIONS

This study was performed in order to determine the effects of gradually increasing temperatures on maize, which belongs to the C4 plant group. 20 day old seedlings were exposed to increasing heat stress (25/20, 30/25, 35/30, 40/35, 45/40°C at 16/8 photoperiods) for 5 days. The first temperature treatment (25/20°C) was used as control. Stress injury was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoid and anthocyanin contents and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). MDA and H2O2 levels were found to significantly increase at high temperatures (35, 40, 45°C). Chlorophyll content was observed to be highest at 35°C and a decrease was determined at 40 and 45°C. Fv/Fm was found to decrease at 40 and 45°C. Carotenoid and anthocyanin contents dramatically increased under high temperature stress. In addition, significant increases were determined in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) under high temperature (45°C), while peroxidase (POX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities showed no change. Treatments above 35°C triggered high temperature stress in maize seedlings. The results of this study showed that temperatures above 35°C lead to stress effects on photosynthesis and induced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in maize seedlings.

Keywords:

maize, antioxidant enzymes, heat stress, Anthocyanin,

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