Gül KARADAĞ, Ayşe Demet KARAMAN, Serdal ÖĞÜT

Meyve ve sebzelerde bulunan biyoaktif bileşenlerin sağlık üzerine etkileri

Doğal besin kaynağının yanı sıra biyoaktif bileşenler bakımından zenginleştirilmiş besinler fonksiyonel besinler (fermente gıdalar, meyve sebzeler, hayvansal gıdalar, sert kabuklu sebzeler vb.) olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Fonksiyonel besinlerin içerdiği biyoaktif bileşenler (karotenoidler, fenolik bileşikler, glikosinolatlar, lignanlar, organosülfür bileşikleri ve bitki sterolleri vb.) kalp damar hastalıkları, kanser, hipertansiyon, ateroskleroz, diyabet gibi hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde etkili olan biyoaktif bileşenleri içeren fonksiyonel besinlerin günlük olarak tüketilmesi büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan literatür; 2000-2021 yılları arasında yapılan İngilizce ve Türkçe çalışmalar Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Akademik veri tabanları taranmıştır. Yapılan taramalarda “fonksiyonel besin (functional food), biyoaktif bileşenler (bioactive compounds), meyve ve sebze (fruit and vegetable), sağlık (health)” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Son zamanlarda fonksiyonel besin olan meyve ve sebzelerde bulunan biyoaktif bileşenler (askorbik asit, tokoferoller, karotenoidler, flavonoidler, fenolik asitler ve tiyoller gibi) üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alınarak meyve ve sebzelerin sağlığımız üzerine etkisi literatür ışığında detaylı şekilde ele alınarak derlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda günlük meyve ve sebze tüketiminin kanser, kardiyovasküler hastalık, osteoporoz ve diyabet gibi hastalıkların etkilerini azalttığı, meyve ve sebzenin sağlıklı yaşam için vazgeçilmez fonksiyonel besinler olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu nedenle meyve ve sebzelerde bulunan biyoaktif bileşenleri derinlemesine incelemek ve etki mekanizmalarını belirlemek gereklidir. Çalışmalar, meyve ve sebzelerde bulunan biyoaktif bileşenlerin gıda güvenliği açısından değerlendirilmesi ve meyve ve sebzelerin beslenmemize yer verilmesi sürecinde etkili olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fonksiyonel besin, biyoaktif bileşenler, sağlık

Health effects of bioactive components in fruits and vegetables

Foods enriched with bioactive compounds beside the natural food source are defined as functional foods (fermented foods, fruit and vegetables, animal foods, hard-shelled vegetables, etc.). Bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, lignans, organosulphur compounds, plant sterols etc.) contained in functional foods are effective in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes. Daily comsumption of functional foods which are important for health, gains value. Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Academic databases were used in the research strategy in the review. The databases were searched for studies in English and Turkish from 2000 to 2021. Keywords searched in the screenings were: functional food, bioactive compounds, fruit and vegetable, health. Lately the effect of fruits and vegetables on health has been compiled in detail in the light of the literature, taking into account the results obtained from studies on bioactive compounds (such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and thiols) found in fruits and vegetables which are functional foods. In this context, it has been revealed that daily consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the effects of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and diabetes and fruits and vegetables are indispensable functional nutrients for a healthy life. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the bioactive components in fruits and vegetables and to determine their mechanism of action. Studies will be effective in the process of evaluating the bioactive components in terms of food safety and the inclusion of fruits and vegetables in our diet.

Keywords:

Fonksiyonel besin, biyoaktif bileşenler, sağlık,

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