SİLAHLI KUVVETLERDE SOSYAL HİZMETİN ÖNEMİ

Orduda sosyal hizmet; özel koşullar ve kurallar altında yaşayan rütbeli-rütbesiz askerlerin ve ailelerinin yaşadıkları koşul ve ortamlarından doğan sorunlarının giderilmesi, ruhsal baskılarının hafifletilmesi, toplumsal gereksinimlerinin askerlik ortamında karşılanması vb. gibi sosyal hizmetlerin verilmesine yönlendirilmiş sosyal çalışma olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu makalede; Orduda sosyal hizmeti kurumsal olarak kendi bünyesine katan orduların önde gelenlerinden ABD Ordusunun askeri sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının incelenerek Türk Ordusunda ki uygulamalarla karşılaştırıp ihtiyaçların tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. ABD Ordusu Amerikan İç Savaşından bu yana İspanyol-Amerikan, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları, Kore, Vietnam, Körfez savaşı ve Afganistan savaşlarını tecrübe etmiştir. İlk dört savaş geniş cephelerde ve yıkımı fazla olan savaşlar olmuş, son üç savaş ise ön cephesi olmayan, düşmanın hemen her yerde gerilla faaliyetleri ile ortaya çıktığı, düşük yoğunluklu ve uzun süre devam eden savaşlar olmuşlardır. Özellikle son üç savaşta askeri personel duygusal ve psikolojik olarak daha büyük yaralar almış ve sonuçları psikolojik uyumsuzluklar, aile içi şiddet, madde ve alkol bağımlılığı, intihar vakalarında ve cinsel suçlarda artış gibi yeni sorun alanları yaratmıştır. Bugün bu sorunların çözümünde askeri sosyal hizmet uzmanlarına Amerikan Ordusu çok güvenmekte ve istihdam alanlarını artırmaktadır. Türkiye’nin Güneydoğusunda son 30 yıldır süren düşük yoğunluklu çatışma ortamında görev yapan askeri personel ve onların ailelerinin duygusal ve psikolojik sorunlarına askeri sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının destek olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

Importance Of Social Work In The Armed Forces

The military social service can be explained in terms of the social work that is provided for the soldiers at all ranks and their families who are living under special rules and conditions, and solving their problems, psychological pressures and satisfying their needs in the military environment. US army is the one of the leading militaries in the world which has institutionalized social work into their system, and in this study their system has been investigated and compared with the Turkish Military implementations to assess the needs. US military has gone through the Civil War, Spanish-American War, 1st and 2nd World Wars, Korean, Vietnam, Gulf and Afghanistan wars. The first four had been on wide fronts with lots of losses, while the later ones had been low intensity, without a define front, more guerilla fights in everywhere which lasted long time. Especially on the last three the soldiers had been more wounded psychologically and mentally which resulted in psychological unrest, family abuse, substance addiction, suicide and rape cases. Today US Army counts of the social workers to solve and remedy these problems and keeping more professionals in its ranks. As such it is believed that in the Turkish military which has been involved with low intensity conflict for over 30 years, the social workers can be of help as well.

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