HÜKÜMLÜLERİN SUÇ DAVRANIŞININ NEDENLERİNE VE SUÇ DAVRANIŞI RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN DÜŞÜNCELERİ

Normatif sosyal düzenin ve yasaların ihlali olan suç davranışının birçok nedeni olmakla birlikte suç davranışı, birçok faktörün birleşmesi ya da etkisiyle meydana gelmektedir. Literatürde de suç davranışının birçok nedeni olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Ancak genel olarak işsizlik, ekonomik sorunlar, ailevi problemler, arkadaş ilişkileri, yaşam koşulları, çevresel koşullar, kişinin geçmişinde bir suç davranışının olması, psikolojik problemler, geçmişinde fiziksel ya da cinsel tacizin olması gibi faktörler suç davranışının nedenleri arasında gösterilmektedir. Peki suç işlemiş bireyler, suç davranışlarının nedenlerini açıklarken hangi faktörlere atıfta bulunmaktadırlar. Bu soruya cevap aramak adına, bu çalışma Ankara Ceza İnfaz Kurumları Kampüsü’ nde kalmakta olan 60 hükümlüyle yapılmış, 60 hükümlünün onbeşiyle, 60 ile 90 dakika arası bireysel görüşülmüştür. Hükümlülere, “Neden burada olduğunuzu düşünüyorsunuz?”, “Ne tür ayrımcılıklarla karşılaştınız”, “Cezaevini anlatır mısınız?”, “Bundan sonra ne yapmayı düşünüyorsunuz?” soruları sorulmuş ve alınan cevaplar analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma nitel bir çalışma olup, çalışmada katılımcı araştırma yöntemlerinden olan metin yazdırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Suç davranışı, risk faktörleri, hükümlüler

Prisoners’ Opinions Regarding Reasons and Risk Factors of Criminal Behaviour

Crime behavior happens with the combination or influence of multiple factors in addition to its being a reason of many crime behaviors which break normative social order and laws. But generally, unemployment, economical problems, family problems, friendships, life conditions, environmental conditions, any prior crimes, physiological problems, and any prior physiological or physical abuse are shown as reasons of crime. Which factors do criminal individuals refer to when they explain their crime behaviors? The research was made with sixty prisoners as participants who were interviewed individually sixty and ninety minutes with fifteen of sixty prisoners who were in Ankara Prisons Campus in order to look for answer this question. The questions such as “Why do you think you are here?”, “What kind of discriminations did you meet?”, “Could you talk about the prison?”, “What do want to do after your prison life?”, were asked and the answers were analyzed. This study is a qualitative work, and a script writing method from participative research methods was used.

Keywords:

Criminal behavior, risk factors, prisoner,

PDF

___

Adler, A. (1976). Individual psychology and crime. Journal of Individual Psychology, 32(2), 131-144.
Agrew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-66.
Akers, R. L., Krohn, M. D., Lanza-Kaduce, L., Radosevich, M. (1979). Social learning and deviant behaviour: a spesific test of a general theory. American Soiological Review, 44, 636-655.
Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12-29.
Baron, S. W. (2008). Street youth, unemployment, and crime: is it that simple? Using general strain theory to untangle the relationship. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Crime Justice, 50(4), 399 434.
Bennet, D. J., Ogloff, J. R. P., Mullen, P. E., Thomas, S. D. M., Wallace, C., Short, T. (2011). Schizophrenia dissorders, substance abuse and prior offending in a sequential series of 435 homicides. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124, 226-233.
Biles, D. (1979). Unemployement and crime-some research and policy considerations. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 11(4), 167-173.
Britt, C. L. (1997). Reconsidering the unemployement and crime relationship: variation by age group and historical period. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 13(4), 405-428.
Cankurtaran-Öntaş, Ö., Akşit, B. T. (2006). Çocukların gözüyle suça yönelme nedenleri ve sonrası: çocuk tutukevinde yapılan bir çalışma. Hukuk ve Adalet Eleştirel Hukuk Dergisi, 2(8), 134-151.
Chiricos, T. G. (1987). Rate of crime and unemployment: an analysis of aggragate research evidence. Social Problems, 34(2), 187-212.
Cornel, D. G., Peterson, C. S., Richards, H. (1999). Anger is a predictor of aggression among incarcerated adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(1), 108-115.
Dugdale, R. L. (1985). The Jukes: a study in crime pauperism, disease and heredity. (3rd ed). New Yok: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
Farrington, D.P., Gallagher, B., Morley, L.,Ledger, R.J.S., West, D.J. (1986). Unemployment, school leaving and crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 16(4), 335-356.
Felson, R. B., Jo Lane, K. (2009). Sexual and physical abuse, and adult crime. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 489-501.
Fridell, M., Hesse, M., Billsten, J. (2007). Criminal behavior in antisocial substance abuser between five and fifteen years follow- up. The American Journal on Addiction, 16, 10-14.
Galli V, McElroy S. L, Soutullo C. A, Kizer D., Raute, M., Keck, P. E., McConville, B. J. (1999) The psychiatric diagnosis of twenty two adolescents who have sexually molested other children. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 40, 85-88.
Görgülü, T., Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. (2012). Erkek hükümlü ve tutukluların boyun eğici davranışları, depresyon ve intihar olasılıkları. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi, DOI: 10.4274/ npa.y6563.
Hanson, C. L., Henggeler, S. W., Haefele, W. F. Rodick, J. D.(1984). Demographic, individual, and family relationship correlates of serious and repeated crime among adolescents and their siblings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52(4), 528-538.
Hollin, C. R. (Ed). (2001). The essential handbook of offenders assessment and treatment. Chichester, UK: Willey. Pp:135.
Howells, K., Day, A., Wright, S. (2004). Affect, emotion and sex offenders. Psychology, Crime and Law, 10(2), 179-195.
Haynie, D. L., Osgood, D. W. (2005). Reconsidering pers and delinquency: How do peers matter. Social Forces, 84(2), 1109-1130.
Kaya N., Güler Ö., Çilli., A.S. (2004). Konya kapalı cezaevi’ ndeki mahkumlarda psikiyatrik bozuklukların yaygınlığı. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 5, 85-91.
Kavoussi R. J, Kaplan M, Becker J. V. (1988) Psychiatric diagnoses in a adolescent sex offenders. Am J Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 27, 241-243.
Keels, M. (2008). Second- Generation effects of Chicago’ s gautreaux residential mobility program on children’ s participation in crime. Journal of Research on Adolescent, 18(2), 305-352.
Kling, J. R., Ludwing, J., Katz, L. F. (2005). Neighborhood effects on crime for female and male youth: evidences from a randomized housing voucher experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120, 87-130.
Kröber, H. L., Lau, S. (2000). Bad or mad? Personality disorders and legal responsibility- the german situation. Behavioral Science and the Law, 18, 679-690.
Lekka, N. P., Argyriou, A. A., Beratis, S. (2006). Suicidal ideation in prisoners: risk factors and relevance to suicidal behaviour. A prospective case-control study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 256, 87–92.
Levenson, .S., Brannon, Y. N., Fortney, T., Baker, T. (2007). Public perception about sex offenders and community protection policies. Analysis of Social Issues ans Public Policy, 7(1), 137-161.
Mears, D. P., Field, S. H. (2002). A closer look at the age, peers, and delinquency relationship. Western Criminology Review, 4(1), 20-29.
Minke, L. K. (2011). The effect of mixing offenders with non-offenders: finding from a Danish Quasi-ecperiment. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 12, 80-99.
Motiuk L. L., Porporino F. J. (1992). The prevalence, nature and severity of mental health problems among federal male inmates in Canadian penitentiaries. User Raport. Research and Statics Branch Correctional Service of Canada.
Männynsalo, L., Putkonen, H., Lindberg, M., Kotilainen, I. (2009). Forensic psychiatric perspective on criminality associated with intellectual disability: a nationwide register-based study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(3), 279-288.
Pratt, T. C., Cullen, F. T., Blevins, K. R., Daigle, L., Unnever, J. D. (2002). The relationship of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to crime and delinquency: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Police Science&Management, 4(44), 344-360.
Rada, R. T., Laws, P. R., Kellner, R. (1976). Plasma testosterone levels in rapist. Psychodomatic Medicine, 38(4), 257-268.
Smångs, M. (2010). Delinquency, social skills and the structure of peer relations: assessment criminology theories by social network theory. Social Forces, 89(2), 609- 632.
Smith, M. D., Devine, J. A. Sheley, J. F. (1992). Crime and unemployement affect across age and race categories. Sociological Perspectives, 35(4), 551-572.
Stepp, S. D., Pardini, D. A., Loeber, R., Morris, M. (2011). The relation between adolescent social competence and young adult delinquency and educational attainment among at-risk youth the mediating role of peer delinquency. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(8), 457-465.
Tezcan, M. (2003). Türk kültüründe kız kaçırma geleneklerinin antropolojik çözümü. Aile ve Toplum Dergisi, 2(6), 41-48.
Tittle, C. R., Burke, M. J., Jackson, E. F.(1986). Modeling Sutherland’ s theory of differential association: towards an empirical clarification. Social Forces, 65(2), 405-432.
Van De Ract, M., Murray, J., Nieuwbeerta, P. (2011). The long-term effect of paternal imprisonment on criminal trajectories of children. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 49(1), 81-108.
Wright, K. N., Wright, K. E. (1994). (forthcoming). Family life and delinquency and crime: A policymaker’s guide to the literature. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Warr, M. (1993). Parents, peers and delinquency. Social Forces, 72, 247–264.
Yılmaz, B. (1997). Cezaevinde intiharı önleme çalışmaları ve buna ilişkin düşünceler. Çev.Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 3(6), 90-92.
5275 sayılı Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirlerinin İnfazı Hakkında Kanun (29 Aralık 2004) T.C. Resmi Gazete, 25685