Etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi: Seçilmiş ülkeler üzerine ampirik bir inceleme

Kureselleşme tum ekonomik birimleri ceşitli yonlerden etkileyen bir surectir. Bu calışmanın amacı kureselleşmenin kamu harcamaları uzerindeki etkisi etkinlik ve telafi edici etki hipotezi cercevesinde incelenmesidir. Etkinlik hipotezi kureselleşmenin kamu harcamaları uzerinde negatif, telafi edici etki hipotezi ise pozitif bir etkiye sahip oldu.unu ceşitli argumanlar ile savunmaktadır. Bu calışmada soz konusu iki hipotez 15 AB uyesi ve 2 aday ulkenin 1974-2010 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yapı- lan panel eşbutunleşme analizi sonucunda kamu harcamaları, kureselleşme gostergesi olarak ele alınan dış ticaret, do.rudan yabancı sermaye akımları, nufus artış hızı ve kişi başına gayri safi yurtici hasıla arasında eşbutunleşme ilişkinin oldu.u tespit edilmiştir. Soz konusu eşbutunleşme ilişkisine ait katsayılar ise DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares) yontemi ile tahmin edilmiştir. Buna gore kamu harcamaları ile kureselleşme gostergeleri arasında etkinlik hipotezini destekler nitelikte negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca analizde kişi başına gayri safi yurtici hasılanın kamu harcamaları uzerinde pozitif, nufus artış hızının ise negatif bir etkiye sahip oldu.u sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Efficiency and compensation hypothesis: An empirical investigation in selected countries

Globalization is a process that affects all economic agents in a various aspects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of globalization on government expenditures in the framework of efficiency and compensation hypothesis. Efficiency hypothesis advocates that the relationship between globalization and government expenditures is positive while compensation hypothesis advocates that relationship is negative with different arguments. This study investigates these two hypotheses using the data of 15 EU member countries and 2 candidate countries over the period of 1974-2010 by panel cointegration analysis. The results indicate that there is a cointegration relationship among government expenditures, international trade and foreign direct investment inflows as a indicators of globalization, per capita gross domestic product and population growth rate. The cointegration vector coefficients estimated using DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares). Results showed that globalization indicators affect the government expenditures negatively and this result supports the efficiency hypothesis. In addition, the analysis indicates that per capita gross domestic product affects government expenditures positively but the population growth rate effects negatively.

PDF

___

Adsera, A. ve Boix, C. (2002).Trade, Democracy, and The Size of The Public Sector: The Political Underpinnings of Openness. International Organization. 56(2), 229-262
Akay, H. K. ve Nargelecekenler, M. (2006). Finansal Piyasa Volatilitesi ve Ekonomi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. 61(4), 5-36
Alesina A. ve Wacziarg, R. (1998). Openness, Country Size and Government. Journal of Public Economics. 69, 305-321
Anderson, R. G. ve Gascon, C. S. (2007). The Perils of Globalization: Offshoring and Economic Insecurity of The American Worker. Working Paper 2007-004A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Working Paper Series
Balle, F. ve Vaidya, A. (2002). A Regional Analysis of Openness and Government Size. Applied Economic Letters. 9(5), 289- 292
Bilen, M. ve Es, M. (1998). Gelir Da.ılımı Sorunu ve Cozumunde Yeni Arayışlar. Yönetim ve Siyasette Etik Sempozyumu. Adapazarı. 376-399. http://www.econturk.org /Turkiyeekonomisi/ bilen98.pdf, E.T.: 15.06.2012
Borghi, E. (2008). Trade Openness and Public Expenditure on Labor Market Prices. http://www.etsg.org/ETSG2008/Papers/ Borghi.pdf, E.T.: 18.08.2011
Busse, M. ve Hefeker, C. (2007). Political Risk, Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment. European Journal of Political Economy. 23(2), 397-415
Cameron, D. R. (1978). The Expansion of The Public Economy: A Comparative Analyis. The American Political Science Review. 72(4), 1243-1261
Celik, S. ve Basdas, U. (2010). How Does Globalization Affect Income Inequality? A Panel Data Analysis. International Advances in Economic Research. 16, 358-370
Dominitz, J. ve Manski, C. F. (1997). Perceptions of Economic Insecurity: Evidence From the Survey of Economic Expenctations. The Public Opinion Quarterly. 61(2), 261-287
Durdu, Z. (2009). Modern Devletin Donuşumunde Bir Ara Donem: Sosyal Refah Devleti. Mu¤la Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 22, 37-50
Easterly, W., Islam, R. ve Stiglitz, J. E. (2000). Explainin Growth Volatility. World Bank, Washington
Epifani, P. ve Gancia, G. (2009). Openness, Government Size and The Terms of Trade. The Review of Economic Studies. 76, 629- 668.
Erauskin, I. (2011). Financial Openness, Volatility, and The Size of Productive Government. Journal of The Spanish Economic Association. 2(2), 233-253
Figlio, D. N. ve Bloningen, B. A. (2000). The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Local Communities. Journal of Urban Economics. 48, 338-363
Garrett, G. ve Mitchell, D. (2001) Globalization, Government Spending and Taxation in the OECD. European Journal of Political Research. 39(2), 145-177
Garrett, G. (1995). Capital Mobility, Trade and The Domestic Politics of Economic Policy. International Organization. 49(4), 657-687
Garrett, G. (2001a). Globalization and Government Spending Around the World. Studies in comparative International Development. 35(4), 3-29
Garrett, G. (2001b). The Distributive Consequences of Globalization. http://www. irisprojects. umd.edu/ppc_ideas/RAID_ Support/Events/unpacking_globalization_ pdf/garrett/distributive_consequences. pdf, E.T.: 17.06.2012
Garrett, G. ve Nickerson, D. (2001). Globalization, Democratization and Government Spending in Middle Income Countries. http://www.international.ucla.edu/ cms/files/ midinc.pdf, E.T.: 11.08.2011
Gemmell, N., Kneller, R. ve Sanz, I. (2008). Foreign Investment, International Trade and The Size and Structure of Public Expenditures. European Journal of Political Economy. 24, 151-171
Grunberg, I. (1998). Double Jeopardy: Globalization, Liberalization and The Fiscal Squeeze. World Development. 26(4), 591- 605
Hurlin, C. ve Mignon, V. (2006). Second Generation Panel Unit Root Tests. http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/ 00/15/98/42/PDF/UnitRoot_Ev5.pdf, E.T.: 12.09.2011
ILO (2004). Economic Security For A Better World. ILO Socio-Economic Security Programme. Geneva, Switzerland
Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H. ve Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics. 115, 53-74
IMF (2007). Globalization and Inequality. World Economic Outlook. October. Washington, USA
Işık, N. ve Alagoz, M. (2005). Kamu Harcamaları ve Buyume Arasındaki İlişki. Erciyes Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi. 24, 63-75
İMKB (2010). Borsa Terimleri Sözlü¤ü. http://www.imkb.gov.tr/glossary/t-z/isedictionary_ v. aspx, E.T.: 14.02.2012
Kaufman, R. R. ve Segura-Ubiergo, A. (2001). Globalization, Domestic Politics, and Social Spending in Latin America: A Time-Series Cross Section Analysis. World Politics. 53(4), 553-587
Kimakova, A. (2009). Government Size and Openness Revisited: The Case of Financial Globalization. Kyklos. 62(3), 394- 406
Klien, M.; Leibrecht, M. ve Onaran, O. (2009). Globalization and the Structure of Public Spending in the Western and Eastern EU Member States. http://eaepe.org/ files/klien_leibrecht_onaran_ revised.pdf, E.T.:13.03.2010
Kose, M. A., Prasad, E. S. ve Terrones, M. E. (2003). Financial Integration and Macroeconomic Volatility. IMF Working Paper. WP/03/05
Levin, A., Lin, C. ve Chu, C. J. (2002). Unit Root Test in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finete-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics. 108, 1-24
Liberati, P. (2007). Trade Openness, Capital Openness and Government Size. Journal of Public Policy. 27(2), 215-247
Maddala, G. S. ve Wu, S. (1999). A Comperative Study of Unit Root Tests With Panel Data and a New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Special Issue. 61, 631-652
OECD (2011a). Growing Income Inequality in OECD Countires: What Drivers it and How Can Policy Tackle It?. http ://www.oecd .org /datao - ecd/32/20/47723414.pdf, E.T.: 16.06.2012.
OECD (2011b). Revenue Statistics 1965- 2010, OECD Publishing
OECD Stat (2012). Income Distribution- Inequality-Country Tables. http://stats. oecd.org/, E.T.: 02.04.2012
Osberg, L. (1998). Economic Insecurity. http://myweb.dal.ca/osberg/ classification/ research/ working%20papers/Economic% 20Insecurity/Economic%20Insecurity. pdf, E.T.: 02.07.2011
Oncel, Y. (2005). Kurumlar Vergisinde De- .işim ve Uluslararası Vergi Rekabeti. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları. 47. Seri, Prof. Dr. Turkan Oncele Arma.an, 2-20
Ozdemir, S. (2007). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Refah Devleti. Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları. Yayın No: 2007-57
Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Test in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressor. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Special Issue, 653-670
Perry, G. (2009). Causes and Consequences of High Volatility in Developing Countries. Center fo Global Development. Beyond Lending How Multilateral Banks Can Help Developing Countries Manage Volatility. Washington DC 20036. 1-14. http://www.cgdev.org/doc/books/Beyond_ Lending/01_Beyond_Lending-Ch1.pdf, E.T.: 21.06.2012
Quinn, D. (1997). The Correlates of Change in International Financial Regulation. American Political Science Review. 91(3), 531-551
Rakıcı, C. (2008). Gelir Da¤ılımının Düzenlenmesinde Gelir Vergisinin Rolü: Turkiye Orne.i. Dokuz Eylul Universitesi SBE. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İzmir
Razin, A. ve Rose, A. (1992). Business Cycle Volatility and Openness: An Exploratory Cross-Section Analysis. NBER Working Paper Series. Working Paper No 4208
Rodrik, D. (1997). Küreselleşme Sınırı Aştı Mı?. (Cev. İzzet Akyol ve Fatma Unsal). İstanbul: Kızılelma Yayıncılık
Rodrik, D. (1998). Why Do More Open Economies Have Bigger Governments?. The Journal of Political Economy. 106(5), 997-1032
Scheve, K. ve Slaughter, M. J. (2002). Economic Insecurity and The Globalization of Production. NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper 9339
Schulze, G. G. ve Ursprung, H. W. (1999). Globalisation of The Economy and The Nation State. The World Economy. 22(3), 295- 352
Selen, U. ve Eryi.it, K. (2009). Yapısal Kı- rılmaların Varlı.ında, Wagner Kanunu Turkiye İcin Gecerli Mi?. Maliye Dergisi. 156, 177-198
Seyido.lu, H. (1999). Uluslararası İktisat: Teori, Politika ve Uygulama. Geliştirilmiş 13.Baskı. İstanbul
Swank, D. (2001). Mobile Capital, Democratic Institutions, and The Public Economy in Advanced Industrial Societies. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. 3, 133-162
Tanzi, V. ve Schuknecht, L. (2000). Public Spending in The 20th Century. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
Tanzi, V. (2002). Globalization and Future of Social Protection. Scottish Journal of Political Economy. 49(1), 116-127
United Nations (2008). Overcoming Economic Insecurity. New York: World Economic and Social Survey 2008, United Nations
Wolf, H. (2005). What is Volatility and Why Does It Matter. in J. Aizenman ve B. Pinto (ed.). Managing Economic Volatility and Crises. Cambridge University Press, 45-65
Wood, A. (1995). How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9(3), 57-80
Wood, A. (1998). Globalisation and The Rise in Labour Market Inequalities. The Economic Journal. 108, 1463-1482
World Development Indicator (2005). World Bank. Washington, USA