Milomir BLAGOJEVIĆ, Nenad ĐORĐEVIĆ, Bora DINIĆ, Tanja VASIĆ, Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ, Mirjana PETROVIĆ, Jordan MARKOVIC

Sırbistan Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Kimi Bezelye (Pisum sativum L.) + Yulaf (Avena sativa L.) Yeşil Ot ve Silaj Protein Parçalanabilirliğinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma bezelye + yulaf karışımlarında tohumluk oranının yeşil ot ve Cornell net karbohidrat ve protein sistemi (CNCPS) ile belirlenen silaj protein fraksiyonlarına etkisini belirlemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Kruševac, Sırbistan Cumhuriyeti’nde 5 farklı bezelye ve yulaf karışımı (% 100 bezelye + % 0 yulaf; % 0 bezelye + % 100 yulaf; % 25 bezelye + % 75 yulaf; % 50 bezelye + % 50 yulaf ve % 75 bezelye + % 25 yulaf) ile yürütülen deneme, 2012 sonbaharında 20 Ekim’de tesis edilmiş ve 2013 yılında bezelye bitkilerinin 2/3’ünde kapsül oluşumu döneminde bitki örnekleri alınmıştır. Hasat sonrası bezelye:yulaf karışımları bakteri ile aşılandıktan sonra havasız koşullarda kavanozlarda 45 gün süreyle silolanmıştır. Yeşil ot ve silaj örneklerinde DM (kuru madde), ham protein (CP), temel protein fraksiyonları (TP) olarak gerçek protein (TP), protein olmayan azot (NPN), çözünemez protein (IP), çözünebilir protein (SolP), nötral deterjanda çözünemez ham protein (NDICP), asit deterjanda çözünemez ham protein (ADICP) ve CNCPS ile belirlenen protein fraksiyonları belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar; IP ve SolP hariç tüm özelliklere farklı karışımların etkisinin istatistiki olarak önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek NPN (696.2 g kg-1 CP) ve SolP (713.8 g kg-1 CP) değerleri tek başına bezelyeden elde edilmiş ve bunu 75:25 bezelye yulaf karışımı izlemiştir (sırasıyla 662.5 ve 653.4 g kg-1 CP) izlemiştir. Bezelye:yulaf silajlarının CNCPS ile belirlenen protein fraksiyonları tek başına bezelye silajının en yüksek PA (rumende çabuk parçalanan protein olmayan azot) değerine sahip olduğunu ve PA değerinin karışımlarda artan bezelye oranına bağlı olarak arttığını, bunun da esasen yeşil ot ve silajlardaki NPN ve SolP değerlerinin yüksek olmasının bir yansıması olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre ruminant beslenmesinde 25:50 ve 50:50 bezelye: yulaf karışımlarının önerilmesinin faydalı olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Kullanılan bakteri aşısının PB1 (rumende çabuk parçalanan gerçek protein) ve PB3 (rumende çabuk parçalanan gerçek protein) fraksiyonları yanında TP içeriğini de artırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Determination of Green Forage and Silage Protein Degradability of Some Pea (Pisum sativum L.) + Oat (Avena sativa L.) Mixtures Grown in Serbia

This research was conducted to determine the effect of seed rates in mixtures of pea + oat on the green forage and silage protein fractions evaluated by Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS). Experiment was established in autumn of 2012, on October the 20th and plant samples were taken in spring 2013 at forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of pea at Institute for forage crops, Kruševac, Republic of Serbia, using five different mixture rates of pea and oat crops (100% pea + 0% oat; 0% pea + 100% oat; 25% pea + 75% oat; 50% pea + 50% oat and 75% pea + 25% oat). After harvesting pea:oat mixtures were treated with bacterial inoculant and ensiled in anaerobic jars for 45 days. Green forages and silage samples were analyzed for DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein), primary protein fractions-TP (true protein), NPN (non protein nitrogen), IP (insoluble protein), SolP (soluble protein), NDICP (neutral detergent insoluble crude protein) and ADICP (acid detergent insoluble crude protein) and protein fractions by CNCPS. An analysis of variance found statistically significant differences among mixture rates for all variables, except IP and SolP. Silage from monoculture pea had the highest NPN (696.2 g kg-1 CP) and SolP (713.8 g kg-1 CP), followed by the mixture of pea with oat 75:25 (662.5 and 653.4 g kg-1 CP, respectively). Analyzing the CNCPS protein fractions of pea:oat silages it was found that silage from pea monoculture contained the highest PA fraction (non protein nitrogen, immediately degraded in the rumen) and that PA fraction increased with increasing pea ratios in silages, which was a direct reflection of their high NPN and SolP in green forages and in silages. Because of those facts 25:50 and 50:50 pea:oat mixtures silages could be recommended for ruminant feeding. The investigated bacterial inoculant can increase the TP content, as well as PB1 (true protein rapidly degraded in the rumen) and PB3 (slowly degraded True Protein in the rumen, because it is associated with the cell wall) fractions.

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