Fikret YAŞAR, Köksal DEMİR, Gamze KAYA, Aziz TEKİN, İbrahim DEMİR

Priming uygulamasının biber tohumlarının stres sıcaklıklarında çimlenme, yağ asitleri, şeker kapsamı ve enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkisi

Bu araştırma, biber (Capsicum annuum L.) tohumlarında priming (kontrollü nemlendirme, 48 saat, 25°C) uygulamasının stres sıcaklıklarında (düşük 15°C ve yüksek 35°C) çimlenme, tohumun şeker, toplam yağ, yağ asitleri ve enzim aktivitesindeki değişimlere etkisini incelemek amacıyla iki tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Çorbacı, Sera Demre 8 ve Yalova Yağlık çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Priming ile çimlenme oranında kontrole göre en yüksek artış Çorbacı çeşidinde %12 ile 35°C’de, %21 ile de 15°C’de belirlenmiştir. Priming uygulaması biber tohumlarında toplam yağ oranını çeşitlere bağlı olarak farklı seviyelerde azaltmış, uygulama ile yağ oranında gözlenen en fazla düşüş Demre çeşidinde %2.5-3.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yağ asitleri kompozisyonu uygulamaya bağlı olarak değişmemiştir. Biber tohumlarının çeşit ve yıllara bağlı olarak %78.9 ile en yüksek düzeyde linoleik asit, %9.1-11.7 ile palmitik ve %7.2-11.4 ile de oleik asit kapsadığı saptanmıştır. Uygulama sakaroz oranını azaltmış ve %0.599’ dan %0.390’a düşerek en önemli değişimi Yalova Yağlık çeşidinde göstermiştir. Glukoz ise uygulama ve kontrolde çok düşük seviyelerde bulunmuştur. Uygulamanın enzimatik değişimler bakımından en önemli etkisi, katalaz’da gözlenmiş, her iki tekrarda da uygulanmış tohumlarda bu enzim kapsamı kontrole göre daha yüksek ve istatiksel olarak farklı (P

Effect of priming treatment on germination at stressful temperatures, fatty acid, sugar content and enzymatic activity of pepper seeds

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of priming (controlled hydration at 25°C for 48 h) on germination at stressful temperatures (low 15°C and high 35°C), sugar content, total oil, fatty acid composition and enzymatic activities of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds in two consecutive runs. The experiments were conducted on pepper cultivars of Çorbacı, Sera Demre 8 and Yalova Yağlık. Results revealed that priming enhanced germination of seeds of all cultivars at stressful temperatures. The highest increase in germination was determined in cv. Çorbacı at (15°C) with 12% and 35°C with 21%. Priming decreased total oil content dependent upon cultivars. The highest decrease in oil content by priming was determined in Demre with 2.5-3.5%. On the other hand, fatty acid composition was not changed and the highest fatty acid of the seeds was linoleic acid (78.9%) followed by palmitic (9.16-11.79%) and oleic (7.28-11.40%). Priming resulted in decrease in sucrose which declined from 0.599% to 0.390% in Yalova Yağlık. Glucose was detected as trace in both control and primed seeds. The most important effects of priming on enzymatic activities were recorded in catalase which increased remarkably with priming in both runs. Catalase activity was measured in primed seeds with 11.2 μmol min-1 g-1 and in control with 9.3 μmol min-1 g-1 in run 1. They were determined as 16.6 μmol min-1 g-1 and 9.6μmol min-1 g-1 in run 2, respectively. Even though not the same extent, priming also increased ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities.

PDF

___

AOCS (1989). Official Methods and Recommended Protection of The American Oil Chemist Society, Fourth Ed. Method Cd 8-53, Ce 2-66
Bailly C, Auidigier C, Fabienne L, Wagner M H, Coste F, Corbineau F & Come D (2001). Changes in oligosaccharides content and antioxidant enzyme activities in developing bean seeds as related to acquisition of drying tolerance and seed quality. Journal of Experimental Botany 52(357): 701-708
Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F & Come D (1998). Free radical scavenging as affected by accelerated ageing and subsequent priming in sunflower seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 104: 646-652
Bailly C, Leymarie J, Lehner A, Rousseau S, Come D & Corbineau F (2004). Catalase activity and expression in developing sunflower seeds as related to drying. Journal of Experimental Botany 55(396): 475-483
Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F & Come D (2000). Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Science Research 10(2): 35-42
Basay S, Sürmeli N, Okçu G & Demir Đ (2006). Changes in germination percentages, protein and lipid contents of primed pepper seeds during storage. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science 56(2): 138-142
Buitink M A & Hoekstra F A (2000). Is there a role for oligosaccharides in seed longevity? An assessment of intracellular glass stability. Plant Physiology 122(4): 1217-1224
Çakmak I & Marschner H (1992). Magnesium defficiency and higlight intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology 98(4): 1222-1226
Cantarelli P R, Regitano-d’Arce M A B & Palma E R (1993). Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes. Scientia Agricola 50(1): 117-120
Chiu K Y, Chen C L & Sung J M (2005). Why 10°C- primed sh-2 sweet corn seeds were of higher quality than 20°C-primed seeds: some phsiological clues. Seed Science and Technology 33(1): 199-213
Corbineau F, Gay-Mathieu C, Vinel D & Come D (2002). Decrease in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed viability caused by high temperature as related to energy metabolism, membrane damage and lipid composition. Physiologia Plantarum 116(4): 489-496
Demir I, Tekin A, Ökmen Z A, Okçu G & Kenanoğlu B B (2008). Seed quality and fatty acid and sugar content of pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.) in relation to seed development and drying temperatures. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 32: 529-536
Demir I & Okcu G (2004). Aerated hydration treatment for improved germination and seedling growth in aubergine (Solanum melongena) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). Annals of Applied Biology 144(1): 121-123
Demir I & Van de Venter H A (1999). The effect of priming treatments on the performance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) seeds under temperature and osmotic stress. Seed Science and Technology 27(3): 871-875
Demirkaya M (2006). Soğan (Allium cepa L.) tohumlarında canlılık kaybı ve onarım aşamasındameydana gelen fizyolojik değişimler. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilimdalı Doktora Tezi, Bursa. (Basılmamış), 106 s
Gurusinghe S & Bradford K J (2001). Galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides and potential longevity of primed seeds. Seed Science Research 11: 121-134
Heydecker W (1973). Germination of an idea: The priming of seeds. University of Nottingham School of Agriculture Report, 1973/1974, 50-67
Hsu C C, Chen C L, Chen J J & Sung J M (2003). Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulturae 98(3): 201-212
IUPAC, 1987. Standard Methods for Analyses of Oils, Fats and Derivates, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 7th edn., Blackwell Scientific Publications, IUPAC Method. Vol. 2, pp. 301
Kacar B (1989). Bitki Fizyolojisi. A.Ü. Ziraat fakültesi Yayınları:1153, 424s. Ankara
Kenanoğlu B B, Demir I, Mavi K, Yetişir H & Keleş D (2007). Effect of priming on germination of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes at low temperatures. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 13(3): 169-175
Khan A A, Peck N H & Samimy C (1980). Seed osmoconditioning: physiological and biochemical changes. Israel Journal of Botany 29(1): 133-144
Koster K L & Leopold A C (1988). Sugars and dessication tolerance in seeds. Plant Physiology 88: 829-832
McDonald M B (1999). Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assesment. Seed Science and Technology 27(1): 177-237
Odell G B & Cantliffe D J (1986). Seed priming procedures and the effect of subsequent storage on the germination of fresh market tomato seeds. Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society 99: 303-306
Sivritepe N, Sivritepe H O & Eris A (2003). The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedlings grown under saline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 97(3-4): 229-237
Smith P T & Cobb B G (1992). Physiological and enzymatic characteristics of primed, re-dried and germinated pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.). Seed Science and Technology 20(3): 503-513
Walters C, Landre P, Hill L, Corbineau F & Bailly C (2005). Organization of lipid reserves in cotyledons of primed and aged sunflower seeds. Planta 222(3): 397-407