TÜRKİSTAN’DA PAMUK ÜRETİMİNDE YAŞANAN GELİŞMELERİN DIŞ BASINA YANSIMALARI (1860- 1915)

Rusya, XIX. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren Türkistan’ı askeri ve politik hedefleri doğrultusunda başta İngiltere olmak üzere dış devletlere karşı bir silah olarak kullanmıştır. Bölgenin stratejik önemi ve siyasi istikrarsızlığı, Rusya’nın bölgede aktif bir politika uygulamasında etkili olmuştur. Rusya, bu süreçte bölgeyi tamamıyla kontrolü altına almak ve sömürgeleştirmek doğrultusunda bir politika uygulamıştır. Türkistan’da üretilen pamuk ise Rus sömürgeciliğinin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmuştur. Amerikan pamuğuna olan bağlılığından kurtulmak isteyen Rusya için Türkistan’daki pamuk önem kazanmıştır. Özellikle 1860’lı yıllardan itibaren Türkistan’daki pamuk üretimini arttırmak doğrultusunda bir politika uygulayan Rusya, Türkistan’daki ekilebilir alanların tamamının pamuk üretimine ayrılmasını istemiştir. Türkistan’ın tahıl ihtiyacının Rusya’dan karşılanması sağlanarak ekili pamuk arazileri arttırılmış, Amerika’dan getirilen tohum ile pamuk üretimi gerçekleştirilirken yerli pamuk çeşitleri de azalmıştır. Rusya’nın pamuk üretimini arttırmak adına sulama sistemini geliştirerek sulanabilen arazi miktarını arttırmak yerine ekilebilir tüm araziyi pamuk üretimine ayırmak doğrultusunda uyguladığı politikası, Türkistan’ın kendine yetebilen bir bölge olma özelliğini kaybetmesine yol açmıştır. Çalışmamızda, Türkistan’da Rus sömürgeciliğinin bir parçası olarak pamuk üretiminde yaşanan gelişmeler ve bu gelişmelerin Türkistan halkına olan yansımaları ele alınmıştır.

Reflections to the External Press of the Developments of Cotton Production in Turkestan (1960-1915)

Russia used Turkestan as a weapon against foreign states, especially Britain, in line with his military and political objectives. The strategic importance and political instability of the region have influenced Russia's active policy implementation in the region. In this process, Russia has implemented a policy to completely control and colonize the region. Cotton produced in Turkestan was an important part of Russian colonialism. For Russia, who wants to get rid of her devotion to American cotton, cotton in Turkestan has gained importance. Russia, which has implemented a policy to increase cotton production in Turkestan since the 1860s, has demanded that all arable areas in Turkestan be devoted to cotton production. By supplying Turkestan's grain needs from Russia, the cultivated cotton lands were increased and cotton production was realized with seed brought from the USA while domestic cotton varieties decreased. Instead of increasing the amount of irrigable land by improving the irrigation system in order to increase cotton production, Russia's policy to allocate all arable land to cotton production which has caused Turkestan to lose its self-sufficient area. In our study, developments in cotton production as a part of Russian colonialism in Turkestan and their reflections on Turkestan people were discussed.

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