BUZ HOKEYİNİN TARİHSEL SÜREÇ İÇERİSİNDEKİ GÖRÜNÜMÜ

Sürekli değişim ve gelişim gösteren spor, teknolojinin gelişimi, bilimin ilerlemesi ve spora olan ilginin artması ile evrensel olma özelliğini pekiştirmiştir. Bu süreçten diğer spor branşları gibi buz hokeyi de etkilenmiştir. Değişim sürecinin ana kaynağında sporcu sağlığı, izleyici kitlesinin arttırılması ve pazarlama gibi kavramlar ön plana çıkmaktadır. 19. yüzyılın başlarında ortaya çıkan buz hokeyi sporu, birçok ülkenin katılımıyla evrenselliğini dünyaya yaymıştır. Uluslararası alanda Dünya Şampiyonası ve Kış Olimpiyatları düzeyinde olimpik bir branş olması nedeniyle birçok ülkede, diğer spor branşlarına göre daha fazla oyuncu ve izleyici kitlesine sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, buz hokeyi sporunun uluslararası alanda tarihsel sürecinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada, genel tarama ve dokümantasyon metodu ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Literatürde buz hokeyi, Dünyanın en hızlı ve sert takım sporlarından biri olarak ifade edilmiş, buz üzerinde 5 oyuncu 1 kalecinin olduğu, oyunun amacı; oyun topu olarak adlandırılan pak’ı teknik ve taktik anlamda üstünlük kurarak oyun kuralları dahilinde gol ile sonuçlandırmak olarak ifade edilmiştir. Ülkemizde buz hokeyi sporu ile ilgili çok sayıda bilimsel çalışma bulunmazken, uluslararası alanda branşın birçok yönü derinlemesine ele alınarak işlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tarihsel süreç içerisinde sporcu malzemeleri, tesis alt yapı bilgileri, teşkilatlanma süreçleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ulusal ve uluslararası organizasyonlar ile sporun gelişimine destek sağlandığı, buz hokeyi sporunun tüm yaş gruplarını kapsayacak şekilde branşa olan ilginin arttığı ve giderek dünya geneline yayıldığı görülmüştür.

Ice Hockey in the Historical Process

The ever-changing and evolving sport has changed its nature of being universal through technological developments, the advancement of science and the increasing interest in sports. Like other sports, ice hockey has been affected by this process. The main sources of this change process are the concepts like athletes’ health, increasing the audience, and marketing. Ice hockey, which emerged at the beginning of the 19th century, has spread its universality to the world with the participation of many countries. As ice hockey is an Olympic branch at the level of World Championships and Winter Olympics at the international level, it has more numbers of players and audience in many countries than other sports branches. The objective of this study is to examine the historical process of ice hockey in the international area. In the research, the data were obtained via general screening and documentation method. Ice hockey has been described as one of the fastest and hardest team sports in the world and it has been specified as a sport which aims to finalize the game through having a technical and tactical advantage by 5 players and 1 goalkeeper on the ice through scoring a goal with puck, the game ball. While there are not many scientific studies in our country, many aspects of the branch have been scrutinized in the international field. As a result, athlete materials, facility infrastructure information, and organization processes were evaluated during the historical process. It has been revealed that ice hockey has been supported by national and international organizations, there has been an increasing interest from all age groups to the branch, and that it has been spreading throughout the world.

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