Etiyopya ve Kenya: Zoraki Soğuk Savaş Güvenlik Ortaklığı (1974-1991)

Soğuk savaş dönemi siyasi ve ideolojik rekabetlerinin Afrika Boynuzu üzerinde göze çarpan sonuçları bulunmaktadır. Bu durum, ülkelerin özgürlüklerini Avrupa sömürge yönetiminden edindiklerinde ve serbest dış politika kurmaya çalıştıklarında görüldü. 1974'ten önce Etiyopya ve Kenya batı yanlısı ülkelerdi. Ortak ideolojik yapılarından dolayı iki ülke arasında güvenlik ortaklığı için kolay bir platform oluşturdu. Ancak, 1974 yılında İmparatorluk döneminin sona ermesinin ardından Etiyopya’da ideolojinin Marksizm-Leninizm'e kayması, Etiyopya-Kenya güvenlik ortaklığının zayıflatacağı düşünüldü. Ancak, ideolojik eşitsizlik karşısında Etiyopya-Kenya güvenlik ortaklığı devam etti. Bu makale, ideolojik eşitsizliğe bakılmaksızın Etiyopya-Kenya güvenlik ortaklığının devamı için yeni bir içgörü çizmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucu, iki ülke arasında kesintisiz güvenlik ortaklığının aşağıdaki üç nedenden kaynaklandığını göstermektedir: (i) güvenlik ve hayatta kalmaya olan ilgisinin ideolojik eşitsizliğin üzerinde olması; (ii) barışçıl sınır diplomasisinin varlığı; ve (iii) sınır ötesi ortak planlama ve jeopolitik yakınlık nedeniyle iletişim teknolojisinin geliştirilmesinden kaynaklanan uygulanabilir sınır ötesi ortaklıkların varlığı. Analiz sürecinde, Etiyopya Ulusal Arşiv ve Kütüphane Ajansı'ndan (EUAKA) kullanılmayan arşiv belgeleri ve ikincil edebiyat eserleri kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kenya, Etiyopya, Soğuk Savaş, Güvenlik, İşbirliği

Ethiopia and Kenya: A Far-Fetched Cold War Security Pair (1974-1991)

The cold war era political and ideological rivalries had noticeable consequences on the Horn of Africa as countries acquire their freedom from European colonial administration and looked to establish their unregimented external relation with unregimented foreign policy. Prior to 1974 both Ethiopia and Kenya were pro-west countries and their shared ideological makeup created an easy platform for the security partnership between the two nations. Nonetheless, with the shift of ideology on the side of Ethiopia to Marxism-Leninism following the toppling of the Imperial era, 1974, many spectators supposed that the Ethio-Kenyan security partnership would weaken. But, unlike on looker’s projection, in the face of their ideological disparity, the Ethio-Kenyan security partnership continued. In the light of this, this article intended to chart a new insight for the continuation of the Ethio-Kenyan security partnership regardless of ideological disparity. The outcome of the study reflects that the uninterrupted security partnership between the two nations, even with their ideological variance, was stemmed from the following three reasons: (i) the two countries a pat on the back nature for security and survival as a nation surpassed the value of the cold war era ideological disparity; (ii) the presence of peaceful boundary diplomacy and; (iii) the presence of viable cross-border partnerships between the two countries that stemmed from cross-border joint planning due to geopolitical proximity. In the process of analysis, untapped archival documents from the Ethiopian National Archive and Library Agency (ENALA) together with secondary works of literature are employed.

Keywords:

Kenya, Ethiopia, Cold War, Security, Cooperation,

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