Bir Asker Siyasetçinin Doğuşu: Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius, Roma’nın Geç Cumhuriyet döneminde ortaya çıkan ve asker siyasetçi olarak da tanınan güçlü liderin ilkidir. Onun ortaya koyduğu yöntemler Roma’nın geleneksel iki kutuplu optimates- populares siyasetini başkalaştırmış, Sulla, Pompeius, Caesar, Marcus Antonius, Augustus gibi Cumhuriyet’in son dönemini şekillendiren figürlere rehberlik etmiştir. Marius’un siyaset tarzını şekillendiren ve dönüştüren unsurlar -Senato partisi optimates ve halk davasını savunan populares arasındaki çatışmada popularesin siyasi hareket alanının daraltılması, senato oligarşisinin Gracchus sonrası dönemde iç ve dış politikadaki başarısızlıkları- aynı zamanda kendinden sonraki populares siyasetini de etkilemiş, halkçı bir siyasetçi olarak başladığı siyasi kariyerinin asker siyasetçiye evirilmesine neden olmuştur. Bu makalede Marius’un ilk consullük yılı olan İÖ 107 yılına değin halkçı siyaset içindeki konumu ve bu süreçte senato oligarşisinin durumu bağlamında geleneksel siyasetten ayrılışı tarihsel veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Roma Cumhuriyeti, Gaius Marius, Populares, Siyaset, Senato

The Emergence of a Warlord Politician: Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius, the pioneer of warlord politicians in the Late Republic, reshaped Roman politics with his methods and was a model for Sulla, Pompeius, Caesar, Antonius, and Augustus, forming the last age of the Republic. The vicissitudes which consisted and transformed Marius’ political methods were also inspiring for populares. During the conflict between optimates, senatorial party, and populares, men of people in the Late Roman Republic, because of restriction populares’ political space by senatorial government and failures of senatorial oligarchy in domestic and foreign affairs caused to transform Marius’ career from typical popular politician to warlord politician. Marius' position in popular politics until the year his first consulate, 107 B.C., his separation from traditional politics, and the condition of senatorial oligarchy in this period, is evaluated in this study.

Keywords:

Roman Republic, Gaius Marius, Populares, Politics, Senate,

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