Ümit GÖRGÜLÜ, Nermin GÜRHAN, Yasemin YALÇIN AKMAN, Kevser ALTAY, Ülkü POLAT, Şükrü ÖZEN, Behçet COŞAR, GİRAY KOLCU

COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN SOME COMMON NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

Objective This study was conducted to determine psychiatric diseases accompanying common neurological diseases. Material and Methods The study is a retrospective study. The files of 1125 patients diagnosed with neurologic disease who were treated as an outpatient in the psychiatry outpatient clinic between 26.12.2016 - 26.12.2017 were examined. Results The most commonly depression 59.9% and anxiety disorder 42.5% were diagnosed in neurology patients receiving outpatient treatment in the psychiatry outpatient clinic. This anxiety was more common in migraine (63.3 %) and depression was most commonly seen in multiple sclerosis (67.2%). The cognitive impairment (11.9%), sleep disorders (10%), Alzheimer's disease (21.1%) and dementia (12.6%) were more common in Parkinson disease. Conclusion This study supports that psychiatric disorders frequently accompany neurological diseases. Therefore, psychiatric evaluation is required in order to increase the quality of life in neurological diseases.

YAYGIN BAZI NÖROLOJİK HASTALIKLARDA KOMORBİD PSİKİYATRİK BOZUKLUKLAR

Amaç Bu çalışma, yaygın nörolojik hastalıklara eşlik eden psikiyatrik hastalıkları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışma retrospektif bir çalışmadır. 26.12.2016 - 26.12.2017 tarihleri arasında psikiyatri polikliniğinde ayaktan tedavi gören nörolojik hastalık tanısı olan 1125 hastanın dosyaları incelendi. Bulgular Psikiyatri polikliniğinde ayaktan tedavi gören nöroloji hastalarında en sık depresyon (%59.9) ve anksiyete bozukluğu (%42.5) saptandı. Anksiyete bozukluğu (%63.3) migrende daha yaygındı ve depresyon en sık multiple sklerozda (%67.2) görüldü. Parkinson hastalığında kognitif bozukluk (%11,9), uyku bozuklukları (%10), Alzheimer hastalığı (%21,1) ve demans (%12,6) daha sıktı. Sonuç Bu çalışma, psikiyatrik bozuklukların nörolojik hastalıklara sık eşlik ettiğini desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle nörolojik hastalıklarda yaşam kalitesini artırmak için psikiyatrik değerlendirilmede gerekmektedir.

PDF

___

1. Kulaksızoğlu IB. Nörolojik Hastalıkların Psikiyatrik Yansımaları. http://www. itfnoroloji.org/ psikiyatrik/Psikiyatrik.htm. [Accessed 14 December 2020]

2. Taj R. Mlanzoor M. Psychiatric disorders in neurology. Pak J Neurological Sci 2014;9(3):48-50.

3. Jefferies, K.; Owino, A.; Rickards, H.; Agrawal, N. Psychiatric disorders in inpatients on a neurology ward: Estimate of prevalence and usefulness of screening questionnaires. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2007, 78, 414–416

4. Dale C. Hesdorffer. Comorbidity between neurological illness and psychiatric disorders. CNS Spectrums. Neuropsychiatry 2016 Jun;21(3):230-2388

5. Jasper Nuyena,, Franc¸ois G. Schellevisa et all. Comorbidity was associated with neurologic and psychiatric diseases: A general practice-based controlled study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology: 59, 2006, nr. 12, p. 1274-1284

6. Kim J, Kim Y, Bae JS, Lee JH, Song HK. Concomitant Psychiatric Symptoms in Neurological Outpatients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16(5):860.

7. Menculini G, Chipi E, Paoletti P. E., Gaetani L, Nigro P, Simoni S, Mancini A. et all. Insights into the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Symptoms in Central Nervous System Disorders: Implications for Early athe nd Differential Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 23;22(9):4440

8. Bridges, K.W.; Goldberg, D.P. Psychiatric illness in inpatients with neurological disorders: Patients’ views on discussion of emotional problems with neurologists. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 1984, 289, 656–658.

9. Ho, R.C.; Fu, E.H.; Chua, A.N.; Cheak, A.A.; Mak, A. Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with depression and anxiety in Singaporean patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 2011, 14, 37–47.

10. Ho, R.C.; Mak, K.K.; Chua, A.N.; Ho, C.S.; Mak, A. The effect of severity of depressive disorder on economic burden in a university hospital in Singapore. Expert Rev. Pharm. Outcomes Res. 2013, 13, 549–559.

11. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I).1997, New York: Biometric Research Department.

12. Özkürkçügil, A., Aydemir, Ö., Yıldız, M., Esen Danacı, A., & Köroglu. DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmıs ̧ Klinik Görüs ̧Menin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması ve Güvenilirlik Çalısması. İlaç ve Tedavi dergisi 1999;12(4): 233–236.

13. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. The struc-tured clinical interview for DSM–III–R personality disorders (SCID–II).Part I: Description.Journal of Personality disorders, 1995;9(2), 83–91

14. CosKunol, H., BaĞgdiken,I., Sorias, S., & Saygılı, R. SCID-II (Türkçeversiyonu) görüşmesinin kişilik bozukluklarındaki güvenirligi. TürkPsikoloji Dergisi 1994; 9(32): 26–29

15. Carson A, Ringbauer B, MacKenzie L.et al Neurological disease, emotional disorder, and disability: they are related: a study of 300 consecutive new referrals to a neurology outpatient department. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 200068202–206.

16. Qing-Fei Zhao, Lan Tan, Hui-Fu et all. WangThe prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2016, 190: 264-271

17. Justine Orr, Charles N Bernstein, Lesley A. Graff et all. Factors associated with perceived need for mental health care in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 25 (2018): 179–185

18. Peres M, Mercante J, Tobo PR, Kamei H, Bigal ME. Anxiety and depression symptoms and migraine: a symptom-based approach research. J Headache Pain 2017; 18(1): 37.

19. Hartoonian N, Terrill AL, Beier ML, et al. Predictors of anxiety in multiple sclerosis. Rehabil Psychol 2015; 60(1): 91–98. https:// doi.org/10.1037/rep0000019.

20. Clary HMM, Snively BM, Hamberger MJ. Anxiety is common and independently associated with clinical features of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2018;85:64–71. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.ye- beh.2018.05.024.

21. Sönmez İ, Mut S, Bozkurt A. Psychiatric Symptoms and Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Neur. 2016;11(2):46-54. doi: 10.5336/neuro.2016-51118.

22. Hanna M, Strober LB. Anxiety and depression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Antecedents, consequences, and differential impact on well-being and quality of life. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord 2020;44:102261. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.msard.2020.10226.

23. Lubomski M, Davis RL, Sue CM. Depression in Parkinson's disease: perspectives from an Australian cohort. J Affect Disord 2020;277:1038-1044. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j. jad.2020.09.032.

24. Pekel NB, Yıldız D, Sığırlı D, Güneş A, Seferoğlu M. The Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety Disorder and Sleep Quality in Parkinson Disease Patients. Uludağ Üniv Tıp Fak Derg. 2017; 43(3):91-96.

25. Topbaş E, Eroğlu MZ, Zabun S, Güneş T, Çalışkan M. Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Depressive Patient with Comorbid Parkinson Disease. Cukurova Medical Journal 2014; 39(1):185- 188. https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.26007.

26. Dindo LN, Recober A, Haddad R, Calarge CA. Comorbidity of migraine, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents and young adults. Int J Behav Med 2017; 24(4):528-534. doi: 10.1007/s12529-016-9620-5.

27. Yavuz BG, Aydinlar EI, Dikmen PP, Incesu C. Association between somatic amplification, anxiety, depression, stress and migraine. J Headache Pain 2013;14 (1):53.doi: 10.1186/1129- 2377-14-53.

28. Hung CI, Liu CY, Yang CH, Wang SJ. Migraine with active headache was associated with other painful physical symptoms at two-year follow-up among patients with major depressive disorder. Plos One 2019; 14(4): e0216108. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/ journal.pone.0216108

29. Sah SK, Rai N, Sah MK, et al. Comorbid depression and its associated factors in patients with epilepsy treated with single and multiple drug therapy: A cross-sectional study from Himalayan country. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107455. https://doi. org/10.1016/ j.yebeh.2020.107455

30. Kim SJ, Lee SA, Ryu HU, et al. Factors associated with obsessive- compulsive symptoms in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 102:106723. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.yebeh. 2019.106723

31. Foroughipour M, Behdani F, Hebrani P, et al. Frequency of obsessive- compulsive disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study. J Res Med Sci 2012;17(3), 248–253.

32. Lo Monaco MR, Di Stasio E, Zuccalà G, et al. Prevalence of Obsessive- Compulsive Symptoms in Elderly Parkinson Disease Patients: A Case-Control Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28(2): 167–175. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.08.022

33. Maia AF, Pinto AS, Barbosa ER, Menezes PR, Miguel EC. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and related disorders in Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003; 15(3): 371–374. https:// doi.org/10.1176/jnp.15.3.371

34. Goulart AC, Santos IS, Brunoni AR, et al. Migraine headaches and mood/anxiety disorders in the ELSA Brazil. Headache 2014;54(8):1310–1319. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12397.

35. Amato MP, Prestipino E, Bellinvia A, et al. (2019). Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: An exploratory analysis of environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Plos One, 14(10), e0222929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222929

36. Weil RS, Hsu JK, Darby RR, et al. Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease dementia: connecting the dots. Brain Commun 2019;1(1):fcz006. doi: 10.1093/ braincomms/fcz006.

37. Benbir G, Karadeniz G. Parkinson Hastalığında Uyku Bozuklukları. Parkinson Hastalığı ve Hareket Bozuklukları Dergisi 2011;14(2):59-72.

38. Lai YY, Hsieh KC, Nguyen D, Peever J, Siegel JM. Neurotoxic lesions at the ventral mesopontine junction change sleep time and muscle activity during sleep: an animal model of motor disorders in sleep. Neuroscience 2008; 154(2):431-443. doi: 10.1016/ j. neuroscience. 2008.03.085.

39. Melka D, Tafesse A, Bower JH, Assefa D. Prevalence of sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease patients in two neurology referral hospitals in Ethiopia. BMC Neurology 2019; 19(1):205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1431-2.

40. Sahebzadeh N, Baf MMF, Homam SM. Sleep Quality and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson’s disease in Iran. Turk J Neurol 2016;22:121-6. doi:10.4274/tnd.84755.

41. Dharmadhikari AS, Sinha VK. Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children with Epilepsy: A Cross-sectional 5 Years Rural Prevalence Study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017; 8(2); 179–184. https://doi. org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_487_16.

42. Chen Z, Lusicic A, O'Brien TJ, et al. Psychotic disorders induced by antiepileptic drugs in people with epilepsy. Brain 2016;139(:2668–2678. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww196.

43. Holmes GL. Cognitive impairment in epilepsy: the role of network abnormalities. Epileptic Disord 2015;17(2):101–16. https:// doi.org/10.1684/epd.2015.0739.

44. Clancy MJ, Clarke MC, Connor DJ, Cannon, M, Cotter DR. The prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy; a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:75. https:// doi. org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-75.

45. Pinckaers F, Boon ME, Majoie M. Risk factors predisposing to psychotic symptoms during levetiracetam therapy: A retrospective study. Epilepsy behav 2019;100(Pt A):106344. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.039.

46. MacDonald KE, Cozza K L, Vythilingam M. Epilepsy-Related Psychosis: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature. Psychosomatics 2020; 61(4):400–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.psym.2019.11.004.

47. Dravet C.Troubles comportementaux des épileptiques [The behavioral disorders in epilepsy]. Revue neurologique 2002; 158(5 Pt 2): 4S33–4S38.

48. Salpekar J. Mood Disorders in Epilepsy Focus. Am Psychiatr Publ 2016; 14(4): 465–72. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20160017

49. Alyanak B., Psychogenic Seizure, Trauma in the Developmental Process. Arch Neuropsychiatry 2013; 50: 291-294. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6990.

50. Ahmadvand A, Sepehrmanesh Z, Ghoreishi FS, Afshinmajd S. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population of Kashan, Iran. Arch. Iran. Med 2012;15(4): 205–209.

51. McKenzie JA, Spielman LJ, Pointer CB, et al. Neuroinflammation as a Common Mechanism Associated with the Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Curr. Aging Sci 2017;10(3):158–176. https://doi.org/10.2174/ 1874609810666 17031511 3244.

52. Sen A, Capelli V, Husain M. Cognition and dementia in older patients with epilepsy. Brain 2018;141(6):1592–1608. https:// doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy022.

53. Subota A, Pham T, Jetté N, et al. The association between dementia and epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2017; 58(6):962–972. https://doi.org/10.1111/ epi.13744.

54. Kim GH, Kim JY, Byeon JH, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in epileptic children. J Korean Med Sci 2012;27(10): 1229–1232. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms .2012.27.10.1229

55. Wang X, Lv Y, Zhang W, Meng H. Cognitive Impairment and Personality Traits in Epilepsy: Characterization and Risk Factor Analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis 2018; 206(10): 794–799. https:// doi. org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000880.

56. Ayta S, Korkmaz B. Cognitive Dysfunctions in Epileptic Syndromes Epilepsi 2014;20(Ek 1):37-45 doi: 10.5505/epilepsi. 2014.70894

57. Ashjazadeh N, Sahraeian A, Sabzgolin I, Asadi-Pooya AA. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101(Pt A), 106543. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106543.