Farklı Arap Lehçelerinde Muzari Fiil: Fasih Arapça İle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma: 1. Geniş Zaman

Günümüz konuşulan Arapça lehçelerdeki (diyalektler) muzari fiilin zaman olarak değerini belirlemek için yapacağımız çalışmalar, geniş zaman, şimdiki zaman ve gelecek zaman konularını ele alacaktır. Bu makale, zincirin ilk halkası olarak, geniş zamanı (alışkanlık kullanımı) incelemektedir. Çalışmada geniş zaman fasih Arapçadaki haliyle karşılaştırmalı olarak konuşulan diğer Arapça lehçeler açısından daha önce dilbilimcilerin teker teker yapılan çalışmalarını bir bütün halinde ele alıp inceleyecektir. Bir başka ifadeyle bu çalışma muzari fiillerin kullanımlarını belirleyen kuralları tespit etmeye çalışarak, Arapça lehçelerdeki günlük eylemler için üretilen muzari fiilleri fasih Arapça ile kıyaslayacak, aralarında tespit edilen benzerlik ve farklılıklara işaret edecektir. Arapça lehçelerde günlük alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için kullanılan geniş zamanı üretmek için ön ekler (prefixes) ve Muzâraat harfleri (aspectual marker) sistemi kullanılır ve her bir lehçe kendi ön ekleri ve zaman yapısına sahiptir. Bu konu hakkında farklı Arapça diyalektlerde pek çok ön ek çalışmaları yapılmışsa da, henüz bu farklı ön ekleri karşılaştıran bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Geniş zamanın ön ekleri zamanı belirlemedeki hayati rolünden dolayı ele alınmaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle ön ekler, dinleyicinin geniş zamanı fark edebilmesi için kullanılan işaretlerdir. Ayrıca anadili Arapça olmayanlara Arapça lehçelerin öğretiminin oldukça hızlı bir şekilde artmasından dolayı ortaya çıkan ihtiyaca cevap vermek adına bu konu ele alınıp incelenmeye çalışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arap Dili Lehçeleri, Biçimbilim, Önek, Geniş Zaman, Toplumdilbilim

IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE

As the first part of the series of articles to survey and describe the imperfect verb that is used in Spoken Arabic Dialects to produce tenses are present simple, present continuous and future tenses. This paper is the first study of the chain which focuses on the present simple (habitual events). Furthermore, this study compares the habitual tense used in Standard Arabic with habitual tense used in various Arabic dialects that were previously studied by linguists. In other words, this research tries to describe the rules that determine using imperfect verbs to produce habitual actions in Arabic dialects and Standard Arabic to show similarities and differences between them. In Arabic dialects, to produce habitual tense, prefixes and aspectual marker system are used and each dialect has its own prefixes and tense structure. There are numerous studies that studied the prefixes in many Arabic dialects, but no study is devoted yet to compare between these prefixes. The prefixes of habitual tense are chosen to be studied because of their essential role to determine the tense. In other words, they are the indicators for the listener to recognize the present simple tense. Therefore, this study is devoted to cover this field particularly because the teaching of Arabic dialects to non-native speakers of Arabic is spreading nowadays

Keywords:

Arabic Dialects, Morphology, Prefixes, Habitual Tense, Socio Linguistic,

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