The Tsarist Russia, entered the First World War on the side of the Entente Powers, suffered heavy losses in the western front. This was a result of issuing an Imperial Decree in 1916, to call about 500.000 recruits from the Muslim Turkish communities in Turkestan (Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turkmen, Kazakh) who were treated until that time as second class citizens who were exempted from the military service. The Turkish people, discriminated for long in times of peace, refused to obey this appeal of the Russian Government. The response of the Russia government was harsh. The Russian government considered this rejection as rebellion to the government and mobilized her army to suppress Turkish people in Turkestan. Russian army implemented extreme measures and used extreme violence to the Turkish people. In other words, the Russian government under the pretext of this refusal started massacres against the Turkish people. The refusal of the Turkish people to go the War especially to the front as labors became a pretext for the Russian government for anti-Turkish pogrom. This paper focuses on the causes of revolt. The reasons of Turkish struggle was against the Russian imperialism and discrimination of colonial administration in all sphere of life (social, cultural, economic, legal and administrative).