D. KUMAR, K. MARİMUTHU, M. A. HANİFFA, T. A. SETHURAMALİNGAM

Effect of different live feed on growth and survival of striped murrel Channa striatus larvae

Farklı canlı yemlerin Çizgili Yılanbaş (Channa striatus) larvalarında büyüme ve yaşam oranı üzerine etkisi. Çizgili yılanbaş (Channa striatus)’ın Hindistan’da yüksek pazar değeri ve talebi bulunan akuakültüre uygun bir tatlısu balık türüdür. Ancak üretiminin artırılması için larval büyütme tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi gereklidir. Bu türe ait larvalar büyüme ve yaşam oranlarının ölçülmesi için plankton, chironomus larvası ve sivrisinek larvası gibi farklı besinler ile 28 gün boyunca beslendikleri bir deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney süresince, adı geçen besinler balık larvalarına iki günde bir verilmiştir ve balıkların kendilerine sunulan tüm besin gruplarını kabul ettikleri gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada sivrisinek larvası ile beslenen grubun önemli ölçüde yüksek bir değerde (%96.66) yaşam oranına sahip olduğu, bunu chironomus larvası (%90) ve plankton (%86.66) ile beslenen grupların izlediği kaydedilmiştir. Spesifik gelişim oranıda (SGR) sivrisinek larvası ile beslenen grupta diğerlerine nazaran önemli derecede yüksek (%4.906) bulunmuş, bunu chironomus (%4.44) grubunun izlediği ve en düşük SGR değerine de (%3.621) plankton ile beslenen grupta rastlanmıştır. Benzer bir şekilde en yüksek yüzde ağırlık kazanımı (%2327) sivrisinek larvası ile beslenen, en düşük performans ise plankton ile beslenen grupta gözlenmiştir. C. striatus larvalarının beslenmesinde test edilen tüm canlı yem grupları arasında sivrisinek larvalarının en iyi gelişim değerlerini ortaya koyduğu ve bunu chironomus ve planktonun izlediği bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma C. striatus’un erken larvasının yapay koşullarda yüksek gelişim ve yaşama oranına sahip şekilde büyütülebildiğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, larval besleme teknikleri bu türün ticari olarak üretilmesi için daha geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

gelişme dönemleri, büyüme oranı, larva, su kalitesi, Channa striatus

Farklı canlı yemlerin çizgili yılanbaş (Channa striatus) larvalarında büyüme ve yaşam oranı üzerine etkisi

The striped murrel, Channa striatus is one among the highly priced, demanded and good cultivar freshwater fish species in India for which the development of larval rearing techniques are needed for large scale culture. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and survival of larvae of this species fed with different live feed viz; plankton, chironomus larvae and mosquito larvae for 28 days. During the experimental period the fish were fed to satiation twice a day. In the present study, the fish accepted all types of feeds offered. The study revealed that significantly higher survival rate (96.66 %) was recorded in mosquito larvae fed groups followed by chironomus larvae (90 %) and plankton (86.66) respectively. Significantly the specific growth rate (SGR) was higher in larvae fed on live mosquito (4.906 %) followed by chironomus (4.44%) whereas minimum SGR (3.621%) was observed in plankton fed groups. Similarly highest percentage weight gain (2327 %) was also observed in mosquito larvae fed groups and least performance recorded in plankton fed groups. Among all the live feed tested for larvae of C. striatus mosquito larvae was found to produce the best growth results followed by chironomus and plankton. The present study showed that early larvae of C. striatus could be reared in captive conditions for attaining higher growth and survival. However the larval rearing techniques have to be improved further for commercial farming of this species.

Keywords:

developmental stages, growth rate, larvae, water quality, Channa striatus,

PDF

___

Alikunhi, K.H. 1953. Notes on the bionomics breeding and growth of the murrel, Ophiocephalus striatus (Bloch). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 38:10-20.
Appelbaum, S., P. Van Damme. 1988. The feasibility of using exclusively artificial dry feed for the rearing of Israeli Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) larvae and fry. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 4:105–110.
Charlon, N., H. Durante, A.M. Escaffre, P. Bergot. 1986. Alimentation artificielle des larves de carpe (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture. 54:83– 88.
Dabrowski, K. 1982. Proteolytic enzyme activity decline in starving fish alevins and larvae. Environmental Biology of Fish. 7: 73-76.
Degani, G., 1991. The effect of diet, population density and temperature on growth of larvae and juvenile Trichogaster trichopterus (Bloch and Schneider 1901). J. Aqua. Trop. 6:135–141.
Degani, G.A., D. Horowitz Levanon.1985. Effects of protein level on impurities, diet, density, ammonia and DO level on growth of European eel, Anguila anguila (L). Aquaculture. 46:193–200.
Fermin, A.C., M.E.C. Bolivar. 1991. Larval rearing of the Philippine freshwater catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) fed live zooplankton and artificial diet: a preliminary study. Bamidgeh. 43:87– 94.
Giri, S.S., S.K. Sahoo, B.B. Sahu, A.K. Sahu, S.N. Mohanty, S.Ayyappan. 2003. Larval survival and growth in Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider): effects of light, photoperiod and feeding regimes. Aquaculture. 213:151– 161.
Gupta, D.K., R.M. Bhatt, R.C. Sharma, A.S. Gautam, R. Kant. 1992. Intradomestic mosquito breeding sources and their management. Indian J. Malariol. 29:41–46.
Hogendoorn, H., 1980. Controlled propagation of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V): III. Feeding and growth of fry. Aquaculture, 21: 233– 241.
James, R., J. Muthukrishnan, K. Sampath. 1993. Effects of food quality on temporal and energetics cost of feeding in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae). J. Aquac. Trop. 8:47–53.
Kant, R., R.M. Bhatt, D.K. Gupta, R.C. Sharma, H.C. Srivastava, A.S. Gautam. 1993. Observations on mosquito breeding in wells and its control. Indian J. Malariol. 20: 215–220.
Khan, M.A., A.K. Jafri. 1994. Replacement of fish meal with soybean meal diets formulated for fingerling carp Labeo rohita (Ham). The Third Asian Fisheries Forum. 663–666 pp.
Khanna, S.S. 1978. An introduction to fishes. (Second Edition). Central Book Dept. Allahabad pp. 428.
Kim, J., K.C. Masses, R.W. Hardy.1996. Adult artemia as food for first feeding Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisuteh). Aquaculture. 144: 217–226.
Koven, W., Y. Barr, S. Lutsky, I. Ben-Atia, R. Weiss, M. Harel, P. Behrens, A. Tandler. 2001. The effect of dietary arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) on growth, survival and resistance to handling stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Aquaculture.193:107– 122.
Lam, T.J. 1994. Hormonos and egg /Larval quality in fish. J World Aqua Soc. 25(1): 2-12.
Legendre, M., N. Kerdchuen, G. Corraze, P. Bergot. 1995. Larval rearing of an African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis (Teleostei, Clariidae): effect of dietary lipids on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of fry. Aquat. Living Resour. 8:355– 363.
Leger, P., D.A. Bengtson, K.L. Simpson, P. Sorgeloos.1986. The use and nutritional value of artemia as a food source. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 24: 521– 623.
Ling S.W., 1977. Snakehead, ophiocephalus spp culture. pp 60–6. In: S.W. Ling (ed). Aquaculture in Southeast Asia: A historical overview: University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Marimuthu, K and M.A. Haniffa. 2007. Embryonic and Larval Development of the Striped Snakehead Channa striatus. Taiwania. 52(1): 84-92.
Marimuthu, K, M.A. Haniffa, M. Muruganandam and A.J. Arockia Raj. 2001a. Low cost murrel seed production technique for fish farmer. Naga. 24 (1& 2): 21-22.
Marimuthu, K., M.A. Haniffa, A. Jesu Arockiaraj and M. Muruganandam. 2001b. Spawning and parental behavior in the induced bred murrels. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 48 (4): 409-411.
Marimuthu. K., D. Kumar and M. A. Haniffa., 2007. Induced Spawning and Seed Production of Striped Snakehead Channa striatus Using Ovatide. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 19 (4):95-103.
Mathavan, S., 1976. Satiation time and predatory behavior of the Dragon Fly Nymph Mesogomphus lineatus. Hydrobiologia. 50: 55–64.
Menon, P.K.B., P.K. Rajagopalan. 1978. Control of mosquito breeding in wells by using Gambusia affinis and Aplocheilus blochii in Pondicherry town. Ind. J. Med. Res. 68, 927–933.
Mgaya, Y.D. and J.P. Mercer. 1995. The effects of size grading and stocking density on growth performance of juvenile abalone, Haliotis tuberculata Linn. Aquculture. 136: 297–312.
Mookerjee, H.K., D.N. Ganguly and M. Islam. 1946. On the composition of feed and their correlation with weight and length of the body in the development of Ophiocephalus punctatus, Bloch. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. 33: pp. 15.
Mookerjee, H.K., D.N.Ganguly and R.N. Bhattacharya. 1948. On the bionomics breeding and development of Ophiocephalus striatus (Bloch) Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal. 1(1): 58-64.
Ng, P.K. L. and K.K.P. Lim. 1990. Snakeheads (Pisces: Channidae): natural history biology and economic importance. In Essays in Zoology. Papers Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology (ed, by L.M. Chou & K.L.P. Ng). pp. 127-152. National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Parameshwaran, S. and V.K. Murugesan. 1976b. Observation on the hypophysation of Murrels (Ophiocephalidae). Hydrobiologia. 50 (1): 81- 87.
Qin, J., A.W. Fast and A.T. Kal. 1997. Tolerance of snakehead Channa striatus to ammonia at different pH. J World Aqua Soc. 28: 87-90.
Ronyai, A., and A. Ruttkay1990. Growth and food utilization of wels fry (Silurus glanis) fed with tubifex. Aquacult. Hung. (Szarvas) VI, 193– 202.
Shim, K. F. 1988. By-product utilization in live food culture for tropical aquarium fish. In: Fish Nutrition Research in Asia. Proceedings of the Second Asian Fish Nutrition Network Meeting. 128: 42-47.
Steffens, W 1960. Ernahrung und Wachstum des jungen Zanders (Lucioperca lucioperca) in Teichen. Z Fisch N.F. 9:161–271.
Van Densen W.L.T. 1985. Piscivory and the development of bimodality in the size distribution of 0+pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.). J Appl Ichtyol. 3:119–131
Villegas, C.T., 1990. The effects on growth and survival of feeding water fleas (Moina macrocopa) and Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) to milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) fry. Bamidgeh. 42:10–17.
Wah Lam, S., and K.L. Shephared. 1988. Some effects of natural food level and high protein supplement on the growth of carp. Aquaculture. 72:131– 138.
Watanabe, T.C. and S. Fujita. 1983. Nutritional values of live organisms used in Japan for mass production of fish: a review. Aquaculture. 34: 115– 143.
Wee, K.L 1982. The biology and culture of snakeheads, In: J.F. Muir and R.J. Roberts, (editors). Recent advances in aquaculture. Pages, 180-211. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Yaakob W.A.A., and A.B. Ali. 1992: Simple method for backyard production of snake head (Channa striata Bloch) fry. Naga, 15: 2: 22-23.
Zakes, Z, and A. Szczerbowski. 1995. Characteristics of autumn fry of pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) reared in a traditional way in pond and in controlled conditions. Arch Polish Fish 3:159–168.