Mevlüt GÜRLEK, Cemal TURAN

Çukurova ve Hatay Bölgelerinde bulunan Tilapia (Chiclidae) türlerinin morfolojik farklılıkları

Çalışmada Tilapia türlerinin yayılım alanlarını içeren Çukurova ve Hatay Bölgeleri'ndeki nehir, göl ve su ürünleri yetiştiricilik istasyonlarından dört tilapia türü Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zillii ve Tilapia rendalli örnekleri toplanmıştır. Tilapiaların morfolojik ayrımında morfometrik ve meristik karakterler kullanılmıştır. Morfometrik karakterlerin kümelerarası korelyon analizinde sadece Çukurova Üniversitesi (ÇÜ) O. aureus örneği belirgin bir şekilde ayrılık göstermiş diğer türler ise birbiri üzerine kümelenmiştir. Meristik karekterier bakımından ise genel olarak türler ve türlere ait populasyonlar belirgin bir ayrılık göstermiştir. Fakat T. rendalli, O. niloticus ye O. auratus ÇÜ örnekleri birbiri üzerine kümeleşerek bir farklılık göstermemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tilapia, Türkiye, morfoloji, morfometri, türler, tür farklılıkları, Hatay

Morphologic identification of Tilapia (Chiclidae) species found in Çukurova and Hatay regions

Morphologic identification of tilapia (Chiclidae) species found in Çukurova And Hatay Regions In this study, four species of Tilapia Oreochromis aureus, 0. niloticus, Tilapia zillii and T. rendalli were collected from distributional range comprising lakes, rivers and Aquaculture research centers in Çukurova and Hatay regions. Morphometric and meristic characters were used for morphologic identification. Discriminant fuction anaiysis of morphometric characters revealed clear morphometric discreteness of Çukurova University (ÇÜ) 0. aureus sample, and other specieas were overlapped together, in meristic characters, species and populations were clearly separated from each other. However T. rendalli, 0. niloticus and 0. auratus from ÇÜ samples were overlapped together and showed no meristic differences. Principal component anaiysis revealed that giil rakers and anal fin rays were important key characters to discriminate species.

Keywords:

Tilapia, Turkey, morphology, morphometrics, species, species differences, Hatay,

___

Bembo, D. G., Carvalho, G. R., Cıngolanı, N., Arnerı, E., Glanettı, and Pitcher, T., 1996. Allozymic and Morphometrics Evidence for Two Stock of the European Anchovy (Engraulis encrosicolus) in Adriatic Waters, Marine Biology, 126:529.

Bird, L. J, EPPLER, D. T. and CHECKLEY, D. M., 1986. Comparison of . Hearing Otoliths Using Series Shape Analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43:1228-1234.

Bookstein, F. L, 1982. Foundation of Morphometrics, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst, 13:451-470.

Casselman, J. M., Collins, J. J., Crossman, P. E., Ihssen, P. E. and -SPANGLER, G. R., 1981. Lake Whitefish {Coregonus clupeaformis) Stock of the Ontario Waters of Lake Huron. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38:1775-1789.

Chen, T.P., 1976. Monosex Tilapia Culture. Fish Farming International. 4:15

Claytin, 1981. The Stock Consept and Uncoupling of Organismal and Molecular Evolution, Canadian Journal Acuatic Sciences.32:45-49

Corti, M., Thorpe, R. S., Sola, L, Sbordoni, V., and Cataudella, S., 1988. Multivariate Morphometrics in Aquaculture: a Case Sudy of Six Stocks of the Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Italy, Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45:1548-1554.

Friedland, K. D. and Reddin, D. G. 1994. Use of Otolith Morphology in Stock Discriminations of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51:91-98.

Haddon, M. and Willis, T, J., 1995. Morphomtric and Meristic Comparison of Orange roughy ( Hoplostethus atlanticus, Trachicthyidae) from the Puysegur Bank and Lord-Howe-Rise, New Zealand, and Its Implications for Stock Structure, Marine. Biology, 123:19-27.

Ihssen, P. E., BOOKE, H. E., CASSELMAN, J. M., MCGLADE, J. M, PAYNE N. R. and UTTER, F. M., 1981. Stock Identification: Materials and Methods. Canadian Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 38:1838- 1855.

Meyer, A., 1987. Phenotypic Plasticity and Heterohrony in Cichlasoma managuense (Pisces, Cichlidae) and their Implication for Speciation in Cichlid Fishes. Evolution, 41:1357-1369.

Mohammad, Y.M.A., 1983. Batı Anadolu'da Tilapia (Tilapia galilaea.) Yetiştirme Olanakları. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Doktora Tezi. İzmir.

Shepherd, G., 1991. Meristic and Morphometric Variation in Black Sea Bass North Cape Hatteras, Nort Carolina, American Journal Fisheries Management, 11:139-149.

Somers, K., M.,1986. Multivariate Allometry and Removal of Size with Princi Component Analysis. Syst. Zoology, 35:359-368.

Stearns,1983. A.Natural Experiment In life History Evolution: Field Data on the introduction of Mosquitofish to Havaii. Evulation.

Strauss, R. E. and Bookstein, F. L, 1982. The Truss: Body form Reconstruction in Morphometrics. Systemastic Zoology, 31:113 -135.

Turan, C, CARVALHO, G. R. and MORK, J., 1997. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Atlanto-Scandian Herring (Clupea harengus) Populations Using Allozymes and Mitochondrial DNA Markers. Journal of Marine Biology Assoc, 78: 269-283.

Turan, C.,1999. A Note on the Examination of the Morphometric _____ Differentiation among Fish Populations: The Truss System. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23:259-26.

Turan, C, 2000. Otolith shape and meristik analysis of Herring (Clupea harengus) in the Northeast Atlantic. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 48, (3): 283-295.

Turan,C, 2004 b. Stock Identification of Mediterranean Horse Mackerel [Trachurus mediterraneus) using Morphometric and Meristic Characters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61:774-781.